WEEK 6 - NUTRITION - ENTERAL NUTRITION AND FEEDING TYPES

Question 1

WHAT IS ENTERAL NUTRITION

Answer 1

• Nutritional support or replacement is indicated when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrients orally.
• It refers to the introduction of a nutritionally complete liquid formula directly into the stomach or small intestine via a narrow, often specifically designed, tube

Question 2

WHO REQUIRES ENTERAL FEEDING

Answer 2

• Neurological – head injury, haemorrhage, stroke, reduced LOC, dysphagia, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy …
• Premature baby, impaired sucking, failure to thrive
• Cancer of neck, oesophageal obstructions, cleft palate
• Major trauma, severe burns o Eating disorders
  Malnutrition

Question 3

WHAT DOES THE PERSON NEED TO HAVEENTERAL FEEDING

Answer 3

• Requires the person to have relatively normal GIT functioning
• Helps maintain the integrity of the gut mucosa structure and functioning
• Facilitates absorption of essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, proteins and arginine (amino acid)

Question 4

TYPES OF FEED

Answer 4

• Water
• Complete feeds (intact nutrients)
• Elemental feeds (pre digested nutrients)
• Special purpose feeds (Contain higher kilojoule or specific nutrients)
• Others used in specific diseases, renal/liver failure
• Infant formulas
• Breastmilk

Question 5

HOW DO WE DECIDE WHAT TYPE ENTERAL FFEDING

Answer 5

The length of time a person requires enteral feeding and/or potential complications will influence the approach

Question 6

SHORT TERM ENTERAL FEEDING

Answer 6

• Short-term feeding, up to 4 weeks, is generally administered via tubes
  that pass from the nose or mouth to the stomach/duodenum
• Nasogastric, orogastric
• Nasoenteric, oroenteric

Question 7

LONG TERM ENTERAL FEEDING

Answer 7

To reduce complications and promote
comfort, patients’ who require long-term
feeding (6 weeks to 12 months or longer)
receive their nutrients via

Question 8

Gastrostomy tube
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
(PEG)

Answer 8

• a feeding tube that is inserted into the stomach via a surgical incision in the abdomen (known as a stoma)

Question 9

Jejunostomy tube
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy
(PEJ)

Answer 9

• placed in your jejunum, which is the second part of your small intestine.