Week 6 - Oncology Flashcards
(22 cards)
Osteosarcoma
- Most common primary bone tumor
- Occurs in the growth plate in areas of high proliferation
- Femur is the most common space
Osteosarcoma s/s
- constant pain that worsens with activity
- swelling
- tenderness with palpation
Osteosarcoma diagnosis
X ray
Leukemia
- Over production of lymphoblasts (immature WBC) leads to low hemoglobin, low platelet, and high WBC
- Most common childhood cancer
- ALL is the most common type
- Down syndrome kids are at higher risk
Leukemia s/s
- frequent infection
- fever
- lmphadenopathy
- altered CBC
- bone pain
- unintentional weight loss
Leukemia diagnosis
- bone marrow aspiration
- CBC
Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
- overproduction of WBC other than lymphocytes
- low survival rate
- need bone marrow transplant
Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) s/s
- Frequent fever, infection
- Abnormal CBC
- Unintentional weight loss
- Paleness
- Fatigue
- Easy bruising
Lymphomas
Bone cancer that starts in the lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s Disease
- malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes
- mature B cells become malignant
- rare
Hallmark sign of Hodgkin’s Disease
Reed Sternberg = large cell with multiple nuclei
Hodgkin’s Disease s/s
- painless lump
- enlarged gland
- fevers
- weight loss
- night sweats
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- B or T cells become malignant
- worse than Hodgkin’s
- unknown cause
- tend to be older patients
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma s/s
- enlarged lymph nodes
- night sweats
- unintentional weight loss
- location dependent presentation
- cough, difficulty breathing
- abdominal pain, vomit
- urinary difficulties
- headaches
Brain tumors
- mass in brain
- most common solid tumor in children
Brain tumor s/s
Signs of ICP
- bulging fontanel
- ataxia (loss of body movement control)
- AM vomiting
- personality changes
- increased falls
Neuroblastoma
- Overproduction of neuroblasts in early nerve cells
- starts in adrenal gland
- most common cancer in infancy
Neuroblastoma s/s
- fevers
- unintentional weight loss
- location dependent
Abdomen: swelling, constipation
Chest: difficulty breathing
Bone: pain and limping
Facial: abnormal eye movement
Spinal cord: weakness
Retinoblastoma
- old solid tumor
- malignant glioma of the retina
Retinoblastoma s/s
- leukocoria (white glow in pupil + NO red eye reflex)
- stabismus (crossed eyes)
Oncologic Nursing Interventions
- draw blood
- give Abx and antifungals after CBC
- constipation and diarrhea interventions (s/e of chemo)
- sedation for radiation therapy
- surgical removal of tumor
- hemotopoietic stem cell transplant
- chemo
- monitor for transfusion reaction (back and chest pain, fever, chills, hypotension, rash, tachycardia, tachypnea)
Oncologic teaching
- alopecia
- anemia
- extravasation (drug leakage during infusion)
- oral mucositis (avoid hot/acidic, soft tooth brushing, pain mgmt)
- neutropenia (wash hands, ED for fever)
- n/v (antiemetics, soft foods)
- thrombocytopenia