week 6 : peds gi tract Flashcards
(46 cards)
how is children stomach different?
smaller stomach ( newborn ) 10-20 mls and 2 months = 200 mls
lower esophageal spincter is not fully developed until 1 month - regurtitate
true or false. younger than 6 months oral intake is primarily liquid, and babies have more risk for dehydration
true
true or false. higher body surface area of ratio, the body surface area represents their skin ( increase risk of dehyration )
true
what are the nutrional deficiencies common in children
vitamin d deficiencies
why could dehydration occur ?
vomitting and diarrhea due to gastroenteritis
what undergoes obstruction
intussusception ) most common cause in children - when part of the bowel telescopes into another part ( narrowing of the bowel or obstruction )
recall that common gi problems in children is congenital abnormalities
what undergoes this
o Hirschsprung Disease (aganglion)
o Cleft Lip or Palate
o Congenital esophageal atresia
o Abdominal hernias
true or false . * Inflammatory Bowel Disease * Peptic Ulcer Disease
* GERD
* Acute Appendicitis
* Liver Disease (Hepatitis/Cirrhosis)
are also common in children
true
what is gastroenteritis?
inflammation of the stomach mucosa and small intestine could be viral or bacterial
recall that gastroenteritis causes are viruses and bacteria , what undergoes this
rotavirus
norovirus
e.coli
salmonella
c.diff
what are the symptoms of gastroenteritis
nausea and vomitting, diarrhea, fever, malaise
what are the risk for gastroenteritisi
dehydration, acid base imbalance, shock
true or false. diarrhea change in their normal bowel pattern ( increase amount of stool ) in watery stool
self limitatiing
depending on the child - losing , extreme dehydration ( acid base imbalnce, metbaollic alkalotic )
this could occur in a child who has gastroenteritis
true
what is the degree of dehydration
what is mild dehydration
mild dehydration – less than 5 percent body weight loss
vital signs normal
minimal
increase thirst
slightly dry mm
slightly decrease urine output
what is a moderate dehydration
5-10 percent body weight loss
vital signs : increase hr
more symptoms :
skin turgor decrease
sunken fontanel/eyes
delayed cap refill
listless
what is the severe dehydration :
more than 10 percent of body weight loss
vital signs, increase hr and decrease in bp
serious com : lethargic, comatose, cool mottled extremities
what is the ORS , and ORT
ORS - oral rehydration
ORT - oral rehydration theraphy
what intervention would u do for no dehydration
age appropriate diet
replace ongoing possess with ORS
what intervention would u do for mild dehydration
rehydrate with ORS ( 5 mL/kg) over 4 hours
replace ongoing possess with ORS
age appropriate diet after rehydration
what is the intervention for moderate dehydration
rehydrate with ORS ( 100 ML) over 4 hours
replace ongoing losses with ORS
age appropriate diet after rehydration
what is the severe dehydration
intravenous resuscitation with normal saline or ringers lactate ( 20-40 mL) for 1 hour
reassess and repeat if necessary
begin ORT when pt is stable
replace ongoing losses with ORS
age appropriate diet after rehydration
just read when it comes to more interventions for dehydration ;
* Monitor hydration status/skin integrity
* Accurate Intake and Output
* Frequency/amount/characteristics of stool
* Urine output (# of diapers for infants)
* Daily weight
* LOC & vital signs
* Diagnostics: CBC, electrolytes
* Reintroduce normally diet as soon as tolerated
true or false. severe dehydration affect LOC
true
what is appendicitis ?
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
typically in the belly button and moves to lower quadrant
