Week 6 Quiz Guide Flashcards
Chapters 14 &17 (37 cards)
Describe some common nutritional problems that the elderly face:
Swallowing issues which can contribute to risk of aspiration
Side effects of medication, such as constipation or diarrhea, which can interfere with appetite
Decrease in physical activity and/or mobility, which can lead to constipation and lack of appetite
Decreased sense of smell/taste due to aging or medications, which can interfere with appetite
Inability to see
Problems with teeth, dentures, or poor oral hygiene
Depression, anxiety, and lack of social interaction
Dietary restrictions
Trauma and/or disease: Stroke, Parkinson’s, Cancers, MS, Alzheimer’s
What are the six basic nutrients?
Water
Fats
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Minerals
Explain USDA’s MyPlate:
The USDA MyPlate is a nutritional guideline to help promote healthy choices and habits when planning meals. The MyPlate icon emphasizes vegetables, fruits, grains, protein, and low-fat dairy products.
What are the importance of dietary cards?
Diet cards list the resident/patient name and information about special diets, allergies, likes/dislikes, and other instructions. The NA MUST verify that each resident/patient has received the correct meal by checking the ID card against the diet card
What is a liquid diet?
Liquid diets are made up of foods that are in a liquid state at room temperature. Liquid diets are usually ordered as clear or full.
A clear liquid diet consists of fluids that a person can see through, such as soups and juices.
A full liquid diet includes all of the liquids served on a clear liquid diet with the addition of cream soups, milk, and ice cream.
What is a soft diet?
The soft diet is soft in texture and consists of soft foods that are easier to chew and swallow. Foods that are hard to chew or swallow are restricted. High-fiber foods, fried foods, and spicy foods may also be limited.
What is a mechanical soft diet?
A mechanical soft diet refers to the processing of foods, such as from blenders, food processors, grinders, and utensils. This diet does not typically limit spices, fat, and fiber. Only the texture of the food is changed.
What is a pureed diet?
Pureed food means to blend or grind it into a thick paste. The consistency should be thick enough to hold its form in the mouth, but it does not need to be chewed.
What is a bland diet?
In the bland diet, foods that irritate the stomach and digestive tract are eliminated, including: spicy foods, citrus juices, caffeinated beverages, and alcohol.
What is a lactose-free diet?
A lactose-free diet eliminates all products with lactose, including milk and food or beverages made with milk.
What is a High-Residue / High-Fiber diet?
These diets increase the intake of fiber and whole grains, such as whole grain cereals, breads, and raw fruits and vegetables.
What is a Low-Residue / Low-Fiber diet?
These diets decrease the intake of fiber, grains, seeds, raw fruits, raw vegetables, dairy, and coffee.
What is a Modified Calorie diet?
High-Cal or Low-Cal diets are often ordered to promote weight gain or weight loss based on nutritional and physiological needs. These diets increase/decrease caloric intake, respectively.
What is a Low-Sodium diet?
Salt is restricted, including condiments or foods/beverages that may be high in added-salts.
What is a High-Protein diet?
A high-protein diet increases high-protein foods, such as lean meats, seafood, eggs, beans, nuts, and foods with added protein.
What is a Low-fat diet?
This diet consists of foods that are low in saturated fats, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, low-fat or fat-free dairy products, and white meats.
What is a High-Potassium diet?
This diet increases foods that are high in potassium, such as bananas, grapefruit, oranges, orange juice, prune juice, prunes, dried apricots, figs, raisins, potatoes with skins, sweet potatoes, and many more.
What is a Fluid-Restricted diet?
People with severe heart disease and kidney disease may have trouble processing fluid. Fluid intake is restricted for these individuals and NAs will need to measure and document the amount of fluid consumed and eliminated.
What is a High-Iron diet?
This diet increases the intake of iron through iron-rich foods like green, leafy vegetables, legumes, lean meats, some nuts, and enriched breads/cereals.
What is a diabetic diet?
Calories and carbohydrates are carefully controlled, and protein and fats are also regulated. Foods that are high in sugar are typically avoided. Specific dietary targets are determined by a registered dietician and included in the care plan.
What is a gluten-free diet?
This diet is free of a protein called gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley.
What is a vegetarian diet?
Lacto-ovo - excludes all meats, fish, poultry; allows eggs and dairy products.
Lacto-vegetarian - excludes all meats, poultry, fish, and eggs; allows dairy products.
Ovo-vegetarian - Omits all meats, fish, poultry, and dairy; allows eggs.
List the three types of thickened consistencies:
Nectar Thick
Honey Thick
Pudding Thick
Conversions:
1 oz = X mL
1 oz = 30 mL
