Week 6 Reading Reflection Flashcards
(15 cards)
Standardized Test
A standardized test is a method of assessment built on the principle of consistency: all test takers are required to answer the same questions and all answers are graded in the same, predetermined way.
Norm-Referenced
Norm-referenced refers to standardized tests that are designed to compare and rank test takers in relation to one another. Norm-referenced tests report whether test takers performed better or worse than a hypothetical average student, which is determined by comparing scores against the performance results of a statistically selected group of test takers, typically of the same age or grade level, who have already taken the exam.
Criterion-Referenced
Criterion-referenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards—i.e., concise, written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage of their education. In elementary and secondary education, criterion-referenced tests are used to evaluate whether students have learned a specific body of knowledge or acquired a specific skill set.
Mean
Mean is an essential concept in mathematics and statistics. The mean is the average or the most common value in a collection of numbers.
Median
The “middle” of a sorted list of numbers.
To find the Median, place the numbers in value order and find the middle number.
Stanine
A stanine (“standard nine”) score is a way to scale scores on a nine-point scale. It can be used to convert any test score to a single-digit score. stanines are always positive whole numbers from 0 to 9.
Percentile
In statistics, a percentile is a score below which a given percentage of scores in its frequency distribution falls or a score at or below which a given percentage falls. For example, the 50th percentile is the score below which or at or below which 50% of the scores in the distribution may be found.
Normal Curve Equivalent
In educational statistics, a normal curve equivalent, developed for the United States Department of Education by the RMC Research Corporation, is a way of standardizing scores received on a test into a 0-100 scale similar to a percentile-rank, but preserving the valuable equal-interval properties of a z-score.
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is the measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean. It measures the absolute variability of a distribution; the higher the dispersion or variability, the greater is the standard deviation and greater will be the magnitude of the deviation of the value from their mean.
Standard Error of Measurement
The standard error of measurement (SEm) estimates how repeated measures of a person on the same instrument tend to be distributed around his or her “true” score.
P-Value
P-value is the level of marginal significance within a statistical hypothesis test, representing the probability of the occurrence of a given event.
Scaled Score
A scaled score is a representation of the total number of correct questions a candidate has answered (raw score) that has been converted onto a consistent and standardized scale.
Item Response Theory
The item response theory (IRT), also known as the latent response theory refers to a family of mathematical models that attempt to explain the relationship between latent traits (unobservable characteristic or attribute) and their manifestations (i.e. observed outcomes, responses or performance)
Grade-Equivalent
An age or grade equivalent is simply the median raw score for a particular age or grade level. Because the acquisition of skills measured by an instrument such as a vocabulary test occurs more rapidly during early ages, raw scores increase at a greater rate with younger examinees than with older examinees.
Item Discrimination
Item discrimination refers to the ability of an item to differentiate among students on the basis of how well they know the material being tested. Various hand calculation procedures have traditionally been used to compare item responses to total test scores using high and low scoring groups of students.
