week 6 replication

Question 1

DNA Polymerase

Answer 1

Synthesises DNA, adds nucleotides

Eukaryotic αβγδε

Question 2

Replication Polymerases

Answer 2

αδε

Question 3

Repair Polymerases

Answer 3

β

Question 4

DNA Helicase

Answer 4

Unwinds DNA

Question 5

RNA Primase

Answer 5

Makes primer (small piece of RNA)

Question 6

Leading Strand

Answer 6

3 to 5 prime direction

Question 7

Lagging Strand

Answer 7

Opposide direction to leading strand

Okazaki fragments to make small pieces in 5 to 3 prime

Question 8

Fatal Error Rate

Answer 8

1 in 10 billion

Question 9

What can DNA damage lead to?

Answer 9

Senescence
programmed cell death
unregulated cell division

Question 10

Senescence

Answer 10

irreversible state of dormancy

Question 11

programmed cell death

Answer 11

cell suicide, apoptosis

Question 12

unregulated cell division

Answer 12

leads to formation of cancer tumors

Question 13

DNA Damage classes

Answer 13

Endogenous
Exogenous

Question 14

Endogenous

Answer 14

Active DNA engaging with hydrolytic, oxidative reactions and reactive oxygen species

Question 15

Exogenous

Answer 15

Environmental, physical and chemical damage

Question 16

Mismatch repair

Answer 16

finds incorrect base and repairs during replication

Question 17

base excision repair

Answer 17

one error after replication enzymes trim out based and replaces

Question 18

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 18

more major damage - cuts out 24 nucleotides

UV damage

Question 19

Homologous recombination

Answer 19

use another strand as a template exchange nucleotides

Question 20

non-homologous end joining

Answer 20

proteins remove a few nucleotides and fuse broken ends back together (not as accurate