week 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
basis of central place theory christaller
germany 1983 - 1969
neoclassical location theory
based on simplyfying assumptions about the land population similar to von thunens
deductive reasoning
what area was studied under central place theory
the locations of urban centres in southern Germany
regularity of urban centres led to pattern recognition
why?
is there a rule determining their size, number, pattern?
what is central place theory simplyfying assumption about land
isotropic plain
flat surfce
movement in all directions
no barriers
resources distributed evenly
single transport system
what is central place theory simplyfying assumption about population
residents distributed evenly
identical income, taste, demand
rational economic subjects
have perfect knowledge
what are the further assumptions of central place theory
transportation costs covered by consumers
many producers selling identical products
there are economies of scale for producers
further a consumer is located from the producer, the higher the cost of that product
central place theory: range
max distance a consumer is willing to travel for a product at the marketplace
central place theory: threshold
the minimum level of demand that allows a producer to obtain a minimum profit: to stay in business
what does the difference between range and threshold define?
what ring is on inside and which is on outside?
it defines the profit for the producer
threshold on inside and range on outside
assumptions of spatial arangement of range and threshold
as long as there is profit
other firms will enter
they will take available profit
fill the available pace
profit space
this happens until no more profit can be obtained
describe spatial arrangement for range and threshold
producer locates randomly
more profit = more firms enter
producers forced into optimal arrangements
allowing everyone to make profit
producers get pushed closer together
begins to overlap and erode each others profit
creates efficient producer arrangement
network of hexagons forms leaving no margin for extra profit
left with an efficient network of producers i.e,.. central places
describe central place theory rank
the range varies according to the product or service
the threshold varies according to the prodcut or service
products with higher range tend to have higher threshold
the greater the range and threshold the higher the hierarchical position of the product
what does the rank of a good define
defines the rank of its central placewhat
what is the function of a central place
to provides its surrounding population with goods and services
the rank corresponds to the highest ranking good it supplies
any place of higher ranking also has teh same things as a smaller place
rank = dimension relationships
describe spatial arrangement of rank and regional systems
efficient networks of producers will form for each product according to their ranges and thresholds
provocatve, critical views
association with nazi regime
evil tool of colonization
do networks of urban places, positioned according to central place theory exist in reality?
yes there is lots of examples of these urban centres following the urban design of central place theory
ex. health services albert map
webers industrial location theory localized resources
resources are distributed randomly
resource location is a major factor for mobility
resource location strongly affects economic problems
localized resources direct and indirect attraction
direct: food, water, access, wealth (people tend to locate where the resources are)
indirect attraction:
production location
production tends to locate where people and resources are
clustering of settlements, production centers
alfred weber industrial location theory
what is the optimal location for a manufacturing industry, given that resources are not uniformly located
retains assumptions on landbut releases assumptions on ubiquitous resources
retains the implicit assumption of economies of scale
what are ubiquitous
raw materials, energy, labour and other resources are assumed to be available only at certain locations
alfred weber industrial theory transportation costs
transportation costs are a function of weight of raw materials and final product, and distances from source of raw materials, and final markets
what is an index of cost
defined by a ton-mile
applicable to production factors and final product.
ton-mile allows for the formulation of the locational problem as minimization of the total ton-mileage
the minimization must address both production and distribution
do ubiquitous materials exert no location force (attraction)
NAR
localized materials exert….
a specific influence on location depending on weight ratio
what are pure localized materials
entire weight of raw material is retained in the final product
