Week 7

Question 1

Leukaemia
Overview

Answer 1

stem cells of blood in bone marrow and it spreads to blood stream

Question 2

Prevalence - Leukaemia

Answer 2

10th most prevalent cancer

Question 3

Signs and symptoms - Leukaemia

Answer 3

• Bone pain or tenderness
• Easy bleeding or bruising
• Frequent/Severe infection
• Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
• Swollen lymph nodes/enlarged liver or spleen

Question 4

Risk factors - Leukaemia

Answer 4

genetics

Breathing benzene

Smoking

Precious radiation and chemo

Question 5

Pathophysiology Leukemia

Answer 5

Mutation of unspecialized stem cells

Question 6

Diagnosis - leukemia

Answer 6

Physical exam
Blood test
Bone marrow test

Question 7

Prognosis - leukemia

Answer 7

• age 60+
• WBC more and less
• Chromosome change
• Stage
• Response to treatment and chemo

Question 8

Lymphoma - Overview

Answer 8

Affects the lymphocyte cells, in the lymph nodes, and spreads through the lymphatic system

Question 9

Signs and symptoms - lymphoma

Answer 9

Swollen Lymph Nodes (both HL & NHL depending on location)

Fatigue (both HL & NHL)

Rash/Itchy skin (both)

B symptoms (night sweats, unexplained weight loss, unexplained fever) (only HL)

Question 10

Risk factors - lymphoma

Answer 10

Weakened immune system - NHL

Autoimmune disorders - NHL

Certain infections - NHL

Long-term infection with the Epstein-Barr virus - HL

HIV infection - HL

Genetics (specifically first degree relatives)

Previous cancer treatment - NHL

Question 11

Pathophysiology - lymphoma

Answer 11

Hodgkins —> B cells mutations

Non Hodgkin—> B,T & Natural killer cells mutations

Question 12

Diagnosis - lymphoma

Answer 12

physical exam

Biopsy

Imaging

Question 13

Prognosis - lymphoma

Answer 13

Age (45+ HL, 60+ NHL)

Stage (Stage 3, stage 4)

Spread to areas outside the lymph nodes

B symptoms present
Low hemoglobin levels

Question 14

Colorectal cancer
- Overview

Answer 14

common cancer

Cluster of cells

Chronic

Question 15

Prevalence - Colorectal cancer

Answer 15

3rd most common cancer

Death has dropped in past 30 years

Question 16

Risk factors - Colorectal cancer

Answer 16

smoking

Alcohol

Men

Sedentary

Question 17

Signs and symptoms - colorectal cancer

Answer 17

abdominal fluid

Weight change

Enlarged liver

Jaundice

Question 18

Pathophysiology - colorectal cancer

Answer 18

dna —> cells live —> Tumor

Question 19

Etiology - colorectal cancer

Answer 19

genetic

Lifestyle

Personal

Environmental

Question 20

Diagnostic - colorectal cancer

Answer 20

stool

Biopsy

Colonoscopy

Question 21

Prognosis - colorectal cancer

Answer 21

Rectal
stage 1 - 91%
Stage 2 - 79%
Stage 3 - 74%
Stage 4 - 13%

Colon
stage 1 - 92%
Stage 2 - 88%
Stage 3 - 68%
Stage 4 - 11%

Question 22

Lung cancer - Overview

Answer 22

lung Tumor in cells

Question 23

Prevalence - lung cancer

Answer 23

1 in 4

Question 24

Signs and symptoms - lung cancer

Answer 24

• Coughing up blood
• Lost appetite
• No voice

Question 25

Pathophysiology - lung cancer

Answer 25

- Blocked airways - Low oxygen levels - Fluid accumulation

Question 26

Etiology and risk factors - lung cancer

Answer 26

- radon - Second hand smoke

Question 27

Diagnosis - lung cancer

Answer 27

- imaging - Cytology of sputum - Biopsy

Question 28

Prognosis - lung cancer

Answer 28

- overall health - Sex - Weight - Performance status - Stage

Question 29

Breast cancer Overview

Answer 29

originates from tissue growth cells in breast

Question 30

Prevalence - breast cancer

Answer 30

women Over 50

Question 31

Risk factors breast cancer

Answer 31

- early puberty and late menopause - Woman - Obesity

Question 32

Signs and symptoms - breast cancer

Answer 32

breast lump Size of breast Peeling scaling of skin

Question 33

Etiology breast cancer

Answer 33

No cause

Question 34

Pathophysiology - breast cancer

Answer 34

breast tissue Lymphatic system Chest wall Skin Nipple

Question 35

Diagnosis - breast cancer

Answer 35

mammogram Breast mri Core needle biopsy

Question 36

Prognosis - breast cancer

Answer 36

stage size Hormone receptors