Week 7

Question 1

Concepts that are not observable but can be defined based on observable characteristics

Answer 1

Constructs

Question 2

Things that require indirect observation and inference to measure

Answer 2

Indirect observables

Question 3

The process by which researchers describe and ascribe meaning to the key facts, concepts or other phenomena the are investigating

Answer 3

Measurement

Question 4

The things that we can see with the nakedness eye by simply looking at them

Answer 4

Observational terms

Question 5

Notion or image that we conjure up when we think of some cluster of related observations or ideas

Answer 5

Concept

Question 6

Writing out clear, concise definitions for our key concepts, particularly in quantitative research

Answer 6

Conceptualization

Question 7

Concepts that are comprised of multiple elements

Answer 7

Multi-dimensional concepts

Question 8

Assuming that abstract concepts exist in some concrete, tangible way

Answer 8

Reification

Question 9

A measure that contains several indicators and is used to summarize a more general concept

Answer 9

Index

Question 10

Represent the concepts that the researcher is interested in studying

Answer 10

Indicators

Question 11

A process by which quantitative researchers spell out precisely how a concept will be measured and how to interpret that measure

Answer 11

Operationalization

Question 12

Composite measure designed to account for the possibility that different items on an index may vary in intensity

Answer 12

Scale

Question 13

Measure that categorizes concepts by theme

Answer 13

Typology

Question 14

The degree to which researchers capture the multiple perspectives and values of participants in their study and foster change across participants and systems during their analysis

Answer 14

Authenticity

Question 15

If a measure is able to predict outcomes from an established measure given at the same time

Answer 15

Concurrent validity

Question 16

The degree to which the results reported are linked to the data obtained from participants

Answer 16

Confirmability

Question 17

If the measure includes all of the possible meanings of the concept

Answer 17

Content validity

Question 18

If a measure is conceptually similar to an existing measure of the same concept

Answer 18

Convergent validity

Question 19

The degree to which the results are accurate and viewed as important and believable by participants

Answer 19

Credibility

Question 20

Ensures that proper qualitative procedures were followed and that any changes that emerged during the research process are accounted for, justified, and described in the final report

Answer 20

Dependability

Question 21

When a measure is not related to measures to which it shouldn’t be statistically correlated

Answer 21

Discriminant validity

Question 22

If it is plausible that the measure measures what it intends to

Answer 22

Face validity

Question 23

The degree to which “different constructions, perspectives, and positions are not only allowed to emerge, but are also seriously considered for merit and worth”

Answer 23

Fairness

Question 24

Degree to which scores on each question of a scale are correlated with each other

Answer 24

Internal consistency reliability

Question 25

The degree to which different observers agree on what happened

Answer 25

Inter-rater reliability

Question 26

If a measure predicts things it should be able to predict in the future

Answer 26

Predictive validity

Question 27

A measure's consistency

Answer 27

Reliability

Question 28

If a measure is given multiple times, the results will be consistent each time

Answer 28

Test-retest reliability

Question 29

The "truth value, applicability, consistency, and neutrality" of the results of a research study

Answer 29

Truthworthiness

Question 30

A measure's accuracy

Answer 30

Validity

Question 31

When respondents say yes to whatever the researcher asks

Answer 31

Acquiescence bias

Question 32

Characteristics that make up a variable

Answer 32

Attributes

Question 33

Measures with attributes that are categories

Answer 33

Categorical measure

Question 34

Measures with attributes that are numbers

Answer 34

Continuous measure

Question 35

All possible attributes are listed

Answer 35

Exhaustiveness

Question 36

When a measure does not indicate the presence of a phenomenon, when in reality, it is present

Answer 36

False negative

Question 37

When a measure indicates the presence of a phenomenon, when in reality, it is not present

Answer 37

False positive

Question 38

A level of measurement that is continuous, can be rank ordered, is exhaustive and mutually exclusive, and for which the distance between attributes is known to be equal

Answer 38

Interval level

Question 39

A question with wording that influences how a participant responds

Answer 39

Leading question

Question 40

Ordinal measures that use numbers as a shorthand to indicate what attribute the person feels describes them best

Answer 40

Likert scales

Question 41

A person cannot identify with two different attributes simultaneously

Answer 41

Mutual exclusivity

Question 42

A level of measurement that is categorical and those categories can not be mathematically ranked, though they are exhaustive and mutually exclusive

Answer 42

Nominal level

Question 43

Level of measurement that is categorical, those categories can be rank ordered, and they are exhaustive and mutually exclusive

Answer 43

Ordinal level

Question 44

Unpredictable error that does not result in scores that are consistently higher or lower on a given measure

Answer 44

Random error

Question 45

Level of measurement in which attributes are mutually exclusive and exhaustive, attributes can be rank ordered, the distance between attributes is equal, and attributes have a true zero point

Answer 45

Ratio level

Question 46

When respondents answer based on what they think other people would like, rather than what is true

Answer 46

Social desirability bias

Question 47

Measures consistently output incorrect data, usually in one direction and due to an identifiable process

Answer 47

Systematic error

Question 48

Refers to a grouping of several characteristics

Answer 48

Variable