Week 7

Question 1

what are the 4 supergroups of protists

Answer 1

Alveolata, Rhizaria, Excavata and Opisokonta

Question 2

why are protists grouped with Eukaryotes

Answer 2

because they generally act like them

no photosynthesis

Question 3

oral/aboral

Answer 3

by the mouth/away from the mouth

Question 4

anterior/posterior

Answer 4

front/back

Question 5

cephalic/caudal

Answer 5

head end/tail end

Question 6

dorsal/ventral

Answer 6

back surface/front surface

Question 7

proximal/distal

Answer 7

close/away

Question 8

superior/inferior

Answer 8

above/bellow

Question 9

lateral/medial

Answer 9

to the side/center

Question 10

levels of organization (small to large)

Answer 10

Atom-Molecule-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ system-Organism

Question 11

what are the four basic tissue types

Answer 11

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous

Question 12

epithelial tissue

Answer 12

covers body surface and lines body cavities/organs

Question 13

connective tissue

Answer 13

supports, binds, transports and immunity

Question 14

what are the different patterns of organization

Answer 14

symmetry, Tissue layers, body cavities

Question 15

types of symmetry

Answer 15

Asymmetry: no axis of orientation
radial: oral-aboral axis of symmetry
Bilateral symmetry: down the median plane (typically active organisms)

Question 16

types of radial symmetry

Answer 16

Biradial: can only go down one plane due to paired organs
pentaradial symmetry: body parts in five

Question 17

Tissue layers

Answer 17

unicellular: single celled or cellular aggregates, little cellular specialization

Diploblastic Organization: cells organized into rudimentary tissues, two embryonic cell layers (ectoderm - turns into epidermis and endoderm - turns into gastrodermis)

Triploblastic Organization: three embrionic cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm - turns ito bulk of body tissues)

Question 18

Body cavities

Answer 18

coelom: Body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm

three triploblastic patterns: Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate

Question 19

Acoelomate

Answer 19

no body cavity

Question 20

pseudocoelomate

Answer 20

cavity is partially lined with mesoderm

Question 21

coelomate

Answer 21

true coelom

Question 22

Protostomes

Answer 22

“first mouth”

spiral cleavage, blastopore develops into mouth, schizocoelous coelom and trochophore larva

Question 23

Deuterostomes

Answer 23

radial cleavage, blastospore develops into anus, enterocoelous coelom and no trochophore larva

Question 24

who are the protists

Answer 24

eukaryotic

mostly unicellular

live in moist aquatic environments

can be heterotrophs or autotrophs

Question 25

why are protists not form a monophyletic group

Answer 25

dont all descend from a single common ancestor more closely related to plants, animals or fungi than they are to each other

Question 26

identify four supergroups of animal like protists

Answer 26

Alveolata, Rhizaria, Excavata and Amoebozoa

Question 27

describe the life history of plasmodium

Answer 27

parasite that causes malaria (look at review sheet on ipad)