Week 7

Question 1

What are the two classes of reactions with electrons moving between atoms?

Answer 1

Acid-base and redox reactions.

Question 2

What is the content of ions in nonelectrolytes?

Answer 2

No free ions.

Question 3

What is the content of ions in weak electrolytes?

Answer 3

A few free ions.

Question 4

What is the content of ions in strong electrolytes?

Answer 4

Many free ions.

Question 5

Electron lone pair

Answer 5

A pair of remaining electrons after bonding.

Question 6

What happens when electrons are transferred in redox reactions?

Answer 6

Electrons can move to lower energy by transferring from one molecule/atom to another molecule/atom.

Question 7

What happens when a base shares electrons with an acid?

Answer 7

A proton transfer often happens.

Question 8

Arrhenius reactions

Answer 8

Acid: produces H+1 in water
Base: produces OH-1 in water

Question 9

What do all arrhenius acids and bases produce?

Answer 9

Acids produce protons (H+1); bases produce hydroxide anions.

Question 10

How are acid strengths measured?

Answer 10

The extent of the reaction of a specific acid with water to form hydronium cations.

Question 11

What defines strong acids?

Answer 11

The fact that when they react with water, it loses it protons. This happens to all strong acids.

Question 12

Brønsted-lowry

Answer 12

This reaction does not need water, it just needs a proton to be donated or accepted.
Acids: proton donors
Bases: proton acceptors

Question 13

what is the relationship between arrhenius acids and brøsted-lowry acids?

Answer 13

All arrhenius acids are a brønsted acid, but not all brønsted acids are arrhenius acids.

Question 14

Lewis definition

Answer 14

Is the most general, applicable, and fully encompases the previous two acid-base definitions. It looks at the acid-base reaction from the electrons POV.
Acid: electron pair acceptor
Base: Electron pair donor

Question 15

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 15

An electron transfer reaction. It is very common.

Question 16

What is the driving force of chemical reactions?

Answer 16

Electrons moving to lower energy states.

Question 17

What is an acid-base reaction?

Answer 17

Where the acid and the base share electrons. The base shares electrons with the acid and often involves a proton transfer.

Question 18

What happens in a redox reaction?

Answer 18

The electrons are transferred from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent.

Question 19

What happens in the reduction half of a redox reaction?

Answer 19

The oxidation state becomes more negative and gains electrons.

Question 20

What happens in the oxidation half of a reaction?

Answer 20

The oxidation state becomes more positive and loses electrons.

Question 21

Define reduction.

Answer 21

It means that something is getting smaller.

Question 22

OIL RIG

Answer 22

Oxidation Is Loss (of electrons); Reduction Is Gain (of electrons.)

Question 23

Define oxidant

Answer 23

The oxidizing agent that is reduced and has gained electrons.

Question 24

Define reductant.

Answer 24

The reducing agent that is oxidized and lost electrons.

Question 25

What is the general rule of electrons?

Answer 25

They flow downhill.

Question 26

What has to happen between electrons in a redox reaction?

Answer 26

The number of electrons lost has to equal the number of electrons gained.

Question 27

What counts when figuring out how many moles of an element are there?

Answer 27

The coefficient in front of the element, not the small number to the right of the element.