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BIOC 2580 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids

A
  • A structurally diverse group of molecules

- Not defined by their chemical structure

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2
Q

What is the defining feature of a lipid?

A
  • hydrophobicity
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3
Q

What is used to dissolved lipids

A
  • organic solvents
  • 2:1 mixture of chloroform and methanol
    (chloroform is very non polar and lipids will only dissolve in non-polar)
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4
Q

What are the 6 biological functions of lipids?

A

Energy storage, structural elements of biological membranes, signal transduction, enzyme cofactors, vitamins, light-absorbing pigments

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5
Q

How are lipids used in energy storage?

A
  • Triacylglycerols (Fats and oils)
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6
Q

How are lipids used in the cell membrane?

A
  • Phospholipids and sterols
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7
Q

How are lipids used in signal transduction?

A
  • Steriod hormones, prostaglandins
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8
Q

How are lipids used in enzyme cofactors?

A
  • Coenzyme Q: mitochondrial electron transport chain
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9
Q

Which vitamins contain lipids?

A
  • Vitamins A, D, E, K
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10
Q

Which light absorbing pigment is a lipid?

A
  • Carotene
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11
Q

Glycolipids

A
  • Contain sugar and lipid portions
  • Important constituents of cell membranes
  • Covalently linked
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12
Q

Lipoproteins

A
  • plasma lipoproteins thats are associated with cardiovascular health and disease
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13
Q

Glyco is

A
  • indicator of a carbohydrate
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14
Q

The human blood groups are defined by ________ displayed on the outer surfaces of blood cells

A

Glycolipids

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15
Q

Fatty Acids

A
  • building blocks of many complex lipids

- central intermediates in metabolism but free fatty acids present in trace quantities

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16
Q

Triacylglycerols

A
  • storage fat
17
Q

Phosphoglycerides

A
  • the major lipids in membranes

- main type of lipid

18
Q

Saturated Fatty Acids

A

Fatty acids with no double bonds between carbons in the chain

19
Q

Fatty acid

A

Carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains ranging from 4-36 carbons

20
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

A

-Fatty acids with one or more double bonds in the chain

21
Q

Monosaturated Fatty Acid

A
  • one double bond in chain
22
Q

Polysaturated Fatty Acid

A
  • more than one double bond in the chain (triple bonds are uncommon)
23
Q

How to label fatty acids?

A
  • number 1 assigned to the carboxyl carbon and alpha to the carbon next to it
  • n:b where n is the number of carbons in the chain and b is the number of double bonds
  • delta c where c is where the double bonds are located on the chain relative to the carboxyl carbon
24
Q

What are the features of commonly occurring fatty acids?

A
  • Have an even number of carbon atoms
  • Unbranched
  • Cis configuration
  • The double bonds in polysaturated fatty acids are methylene bridged, not conjugated
  • Separated by a methylene carbon and therefore the bond pattern is double-single-single-double
25
Q

What introduces a kink in the chain of a fatty acid?

A
  • cis configuration
26
Q

What are the commonly occurring saturated fatty acids?

A

Laurante, Myristate, Palmitate, Stearate, Arachidate

27
Q

How many carbons in Laurate and an example

A

12; bay, laurel

28
Q

How many carbons in Myristate & an example of it

A

14; myrtle, nutmeg

29
Q

How many carbons in Palmitate & an example

A

16; palm

30
Q

How many carbons in Stearate & an example

A

18; tallow

31
Q

How many carbons in Arachidate & an example

A

20; peanut

32
Q

Partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid

A
  • used in manufacturing margarine and similar products can isomerize double bonds, generating trans fats
  • Trans double bond allows a given fatty acid to have an extended conformation
33
Q

Solubility & Melting pt of saturated fatty acids

A
  • adopt extended conformations and therefore pack in a fairly orderly way
  • favourable interactions
  • As chain length increases the melting pt increases and solubility decreases
34
Q

Solubility and Melting pt of unsaturated fatty acids

A
  • pack less regularly due to the kink caused by cis double bond, lowering number of favourable interactions
  • melting temperature is lowered
  • less thermal energy required
35
Q

Melting pt of trans fatty acids

A
  • can pack more regularly and show higher melting point than cis forms
36
Q

Esters

A

Carboxylic acids can combine with alcohols to form esters

37
Q

Anhydrides

A

Carboxylic acids can combine with acids to form anhydrides

BIOC 2580 (1 decks)

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