Week 7 - Heart Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

In which body cavity is the heart located?

Answer 1

mediastinum

Question 2

What is a cardiac cycle?

Answer 2

Cardiac cycle is a series of continually repeated mechanical (muscle contraction) events, each of which is triggered by specific electrical events.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

To provide adequate blood flow to all tissues/organs according to their immediate needs

Question 4

The ________ drains deoxygenated blood from the anterior myocardium.

Answer 4

Great cardiac vein

Question 5

Identify an alternate name for the tricuspid valve.

Answer 5

Right atrioventricular valve

Question 6

Closure of the _________ occurs when the ventricles start to relax

Answer 6

SL valves

Question 7

Blood returns to the right ventricle from body areas superior to the diaphragm via the _______

Answer 7

Superior vena cava

Question 8

Define Preload

Answer 8

The degree of stretch of the ventricular myocardium at the end of diastole (determined by EDV).

Question 9

Blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the _______

Answer 9

Pulmonary veins

Question 10

Closure of the ______ occurs when the ventricles start to contract

Answer 10

AV valves

Question 11

The left coronary artery gives rise to the _______ which supplies blood to the anterior myocardium and is located in _______ sulcus

Answer 11

Anterior interventricular artery; Anterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 12

Blood leaves the right ventricle via a blood vessel called the _______. This vessel branches into the ______.

Answer 12

Pulmonary trunk; Right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 13

The superior chambers of the heart are called _________.

Answer 13

Atria (plural)/Atrium (singular)

Question 14

Identify the structure that forms the exit of the left ventricle

Answer 14

Left semilunar valve or aortic valve

Question 15

Depolarisation of the ventricles is indicated by the _______ on an ECG and triggers _______ of the ventricles.

Answer 15

QRS complex; contraction (systole)

Question 16

Identify an alternative names for the bicuspid valve.

Answer 16

Left atrioventricular valve or mitral valve.

Question 17

Define: End systolic volume

Answer 17

The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of systole

Question 18

The _________ drains deoxygenated blood from the posterior myocardium

Answer 18

Middle cardiac vein

Question 19

The inferior chambers of the heart are called ________

Answer 19

Ventricles

Question 20

The third blood vessel to branch off the aorta is the _______

Answer 20

Left subclavian artery

Question 21

Blood returns to the right ventricle from body areas inferior to the diaphragm via the _______

Answer 21

Inferior vena cava

Question 22

Blood leaves the left ventricle via a blood vessel called the ________

Answer 22

Aorta

Question 23

Identify the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 23

Left atrioventricular valve OR bicuspid valve OR mitral valve

Question 24

The coronary arteries branch off from the base of the _________

Answer 24

Aorta

Question 25

The wall between the right and left ventricles is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Interventricular septum

Question 26

Closure of the ___________ results in the first heart sound, known as, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

AV (Atrioventricular) valves; lubb

Question 27

define: Stroke volume

Answer 27

The volume of blood ejected from one ventricle per beat

Question 28

define: Systole

Answer 28

Period when the myocardium is contracting

Question 29

The second blood vessel to branch off the aorta is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

Left common carotid artery

Question 30

The first blood vessel to branch off the aorta is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 31

Identify the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 31

Right atrioventricular valve OR tricuspid valve.

Question 32

Define: diastole

Answer 32

Period when the myocardium is relaxing

Question 33

Define: Cardiac output

Answer 33

The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle per minute (or volume of blood pumped into the systemic or pulmonary circuit per minute).

Question 34

List the components of the intrinsic conduction system in order.

Answer 34

1. SA node 2. AV node 3. AV bundle 4. Bundles branches 5. Subendocardial conducting network

Question 35

Define: End diastolic volume

Answer 35

The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of diastole

Question 36

Repolarisation of the ventricles is indicated by the ________ on an ECG and leads to _________ of the ventricles

Answer 36

T wave; relaxation (diastole)

Question 37

Depolarisation of the atria is indicated by the ________ on an EGC and triggers _______ of the atria.

Answer 37

P wave; contraction (systole)

Question 38

The __________ prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting during ventricular systole. This structure is anchored via _________ muscles

Answer 38

Chordae tendineae; Papillary muscle

Question 39

Define: end systolic volume

Answer 39

The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of systole

Question 40

Identify an alternative name for the bicuspid valve

Answer 40

Left atrioventricular valve or mitral valve

Question 41

Closure of the _________ results in the second heart sound, known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

SL valves; dubb

Question 42

The __________ drains deoxygenated blood from the posterior myocardium

Answer 42

middle cardiac vein

Question 43

Identify the structure that forms the exit of the right ventricle

Answer 43

Right semilunar valve OR pulmonary valve

Question 44

Components of the heart wall

Answer 44

* Epicardium (or visceral pericardium) - the outermost layer of the epithelial tissue * Myocardium - the middle layer of cardiac muscle cells * Endocardium - the inner layer of endothelial cells (flattened epithelial cells)