Week 7 - Lecture 20 (Kidney Anatomy and Urine Formation)

Question 1

Compare this image to the baseline in Model 1. How would glomerular hydrostatic pressure change in this image relative to baseline? (When the afferent artery is higher)

A) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure would increase
B) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure would decrease
C) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure would not change

Answer 1

A)

Question 2

Why must GFR be kept at a constant level?
A) So that you filter your blood to remove wastes
B) So that you can maintain blood pressure
C) So that you can maintain the proper ion concentration in your blood
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D)

Question 3

Which of the following will be the response of the nephron in order to increase filtrate formation?
A) the afferent arteriole will dilate
B) the afferent arteriole will constrict
C) the efferent arteriole dilates
D) less renin is released

Answer 3

A)

Question 4

Using Model 3, why does increasing blood plasma protein concentration impact GFR the way it does?
A) it increases glomerular colloid osmotic pressure, thus decreasing GFR
B) it decreases glomerular hydrostatic pressure, thus decreasing GFR
C) it increases Boman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure, thus increasing GFR

Answer 4

A)

Question 5

Use your worksheet and integrate with what you know about blood pressure controls. Fill in the blanks:

When blood pressure or blood volume are too high, ____ will be released and will stimulate the kidney to ____ GFR so that blood volume & pressure will decline.

A) ANP; increase
B) renin; decrease
C) Angiotensin II; increase
D) epinephrine; decrease

Answer 5

A)

Question 6

What does ANP respond to do and how?

Answer 6

Response to high blood volume/pressure

• Increase urine production
  How:
• Dilates afferent arteriole, increasing GFR
• Inhibits sodium reabsorption
• Inhibits aldosterone and renin
• Promotes water loss

Question 7

What does Renin respond to do and how?

Answer 7

Response: low blood pressure or low Na+
Effect: Decreases urine production

How:
- Promotes Na+ and water reabsorption, reducing urine volume

Question 8

What does aniotensin II respond to do and how?

Answer 8

Response:
Effect: decreases urine production

How:
- Vasoconstricts efferent arteriole, to increases glomerular pressure and reduces renal blood flow
- Stimulates aldosterone and ADH, producing water and Na+ reabsorption