Week 7 Terms

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Movement of a joint or body part away from the body

Question 2

Compartment syndrome

Answer 2

Severe swelling and tissue injury caused by constriction of the blood and lymph. Can progress to necrosis.

Question 3

Compression injury

Answer 3

Tissue injury caused by continuous pressure over an area

Question 4

Dependent areas of the body

Answer 4

Areas of the body subject to pressure from gravity and weight

Question 5

Embolism

Answer 5

Clot of blood, air, organic material, or a foreign body that moves freely in the vascular system

Question 6

Fasciotomy

Answer 6

Surgical treatment of compartment syndrome in which fascia is incised to release severe tissue swelling

Question 7

Foot board

Answer 7

Operating table attachment that braces the patients weight when the table is tilted toward the feet

Question 8

Hyperextension

Answer 8

Extension of a joint beyond its normal anatomical range

Question 9

Hyperflexion

Answer 9

Flexion of a joint beyond its normal anatomical range

Question 10

Hypotension

Answer 10

Decreased blood pressure

Question 11

Ischemia

Answer 11

Loss of blood supply to a body part either by compression or as a result of a blockage in blood vessels

Question 12

Lateral transfer

Answer 12

Transferring the pt from one horizontal surface to another

Question 13

Necrosis

Answer 13

Tissue death

Question 14

Neuropathy

Answer 14

Permanent or temporary nerve injury that results in numbness or loss of function of a part of the body

Question 15

Range of motion

Answer 15

Normal anatomical movement of an extremity

Question 16

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 16

Group of disorders attributed to compression of the subclavian vessels and nerves

Question 17

Shear injury

Answer 17

Tissue injury or necrosis that results when two tissue plans are forcefully pulled in opposite directions

Question 18

Thromboembolus (embolus)

Answer 18

Blood clot that breaks loose and enters the systemic circulation, causing obstruction or occlusion of a blood vessel

Question 19

Traction injury

Answer 19

Nerve injury caused by stretching or compression of the nerve

Question 20

Transfer board

Answer 20

A thin, Plexiglas, fiberglass, or roller board that is placed under the pt to move the person from the operating table to the stretcher or bed

Question 21

Trendelenburg position

Answer 21

Position in which a prone or supine pt is tilted with the head down

Question 22

Supine position

Answer 22

Dorsal recumbent; use for procedures of the abd, pelvis, thorax, face, oath, and vascular sx

Question 23

Reverse Trendelenburg position

Answer 23

Foot down position; Used when surgeon requires unobstructed access to the upper abdominal cavity and lower esophagus

Question 24

Lithotomy position

Answer 24

Variation of supine position; its thighs are abducted and both the knees and hips are flexed

Question 25

Sitting (Fowler's) or Beach Chair position

Answer 25

Operating table flexed to allow beach chair position; Used for shoulder, facial, cranial, or reconstructive breast sx

Question 26

Lateral (SIMS) position

Answer 26

Used for surgical procedures that require access to the flank or lateral thorax

Question 27

Prone position

Answer 27

Number of variations; used to allow access to the spine, cranium and perianal position

Question 28

Jackknife (Kraske) position

Answer 28

Modification fo prone position; lower table break is flexed downward to achieve simultaneous head-down and foot-down posture

Question 29

Pressure

Answer 29

Force placed on underlying tissue

Question 30

Shear

Answer 30

Folding of underlying tissue when the skeletal structure moves while the skin remains stationary

Question 31

Friction

Answer 31

Force of two surfaces rubbing against one another

Question 32

Moisture

Answer 32

In excess, worsens the effects of pressure, shear, and friction

Question 33

Heat

Answer 33

On the body surface increases metabolism of tissue and increases its oxygen and nutritional demand. Can use thermal damage

Question 34

Cold

Answer 34

(Environmental conditions) can lean to hypothermia; reduces peripheral circulation

Question 35

Negativity

Answer 35

Occurs when layers of materials (blankets/sheets) are placed over the OR mattress or padding

Question 36

Intrinsic factors

Answer 36

Lower a pt's tissue tolerance to pressure and decrease the time and pressure required for tissue breakdown

Question 37

Deep tissue injury (DTI)

Answer 37

purple/maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear

Question 38

Stage I

Answer 38

Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence

Question 39

Stage II

Answer 39

Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, w/o slough. Intact or open/ruptured serum-filled or serosanguineous filled blister presents as a shiny or dry shallow ulcer w/o slough or bruising

Question 40

Stage III

Answer 40

Full thickness tissue loss; SQ fat may be visible; sought may be present; may include undermining and tunneling; depth varies by anatomic location

Question 41

Stage IV

Answer 41

Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle; Depth varies by anatomic location

Question 42

Unstagable

Answer 42

Full thickness tissue loss in which actual depth of the ulcer is completely obscured by slough and/or eschar in the wound bed

Question 43

Common perineal nerve

Answer 43

Branches from the sciatic nerve behind the knee and becomes superficial as it wraps around the lateral heal of the fibula. Vulnerable to direct compression by stirrup bars

Question 44

Sciatic nerve

Answer 44

Originates from the L4-S3 spinal nerve roots and travels down the buttock and posterior thigh before it divides into the common perineal and tibial nerves

Question 45

Femoral nerve

Answer 45

Arises from the L2-L4 spinal nerve roots and runs through the medial thigh

Question 46

Obturator nerve

Answer 46

Originates from L2-L4 nerve roots; Subjected to excessive stretching when the pt is in lithotomy position

Question 47

Tibial nerve

Answer 47

Branches from the sciatic nerve behind knee and runs along the posterior tibia to the foot; Branches into the medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 48

Peripheral neuropathies

Answer 48

Peripheral nerves can suffer injury during positioning, r resulting in impaired sensory function or motor function, or both. Causes include compression, stretch, direct trauma, laceration, ischemia, and metabolic derangement

Question 49

Upper extremity neuropathies

Answer 49

Generate from lesions to the racial plexus and the nerves that emerge from it

Question 50

Lower extremity neuropathies

Answer 50

Result most frequently from prolonged lithotomy positioning and tend to manifest hours after surgery