Week 8

Question 1

Who is credited with popularizing the term “ecotourism”?

a) Nicolas Hetzer

b) Gerardo Budowski

c) Hector Ceballos-Lascuráin

d) Carter A. Hunt

Answer 1

c

Question 2

What was the main critique of growth-based tourism approaches in the mid-20th century?

a) They disregarded biodiversity.

b) They only benefited international corporations.

c) They failed to provide sustainable development for local communities.

d) They required extensive infrastructure investment.

Answer 2

c

Question 3

The Brundtland Report emphasized which development goal?

a) Rapid economic expansion

b) Environmental conservation

c) Sustainable development balancing social, economic, and environmental factors

d) Increased international tourism

Answer 3

c

Question 4

Why is the Galápagos Islands’ tourism considered a double-edged sword?

a) It brings cultural awareness but causes invasive species growth.

b) It funds conservation but strains fragile ecosystems.

c) It empowers locals but promotes overfishing.

d) It reduces agriculture but damages biodiversity.

Answer 4

b

Question 5

What prompted the rise of ecotourism in the Amazon during the 1980s?

a) Satellite imagery showing environmental destruction

b) Increased global demand for eco-lodges

c) A decline in traditional agriculture

d) The success of Costa Rica’s tourism model

Answer 5

a

Question 6

What is a critical concern in Galápagos tourism today?

a) Reduced biodiversity due to ecotourism practices

b) Excessive waste generated by residents

c) Overtourism overwhelming the ecosystem

d) Limited local participation in tourism operations

Answer 6

c

Question 7

Why has Costa Rica been a leader in ecotourism?

a) It eliminated its military and focused on education and conservation.

b) It prioritized international tourism over domestic visitors.

c) It implemented policies favoring large-scale resort development.

d) It rejected foreign investment in tourism.

Answer 7

a

Question 8

What major challenge does Nicaragua face in promoting ecotourism?

a) Lack of biodiversity suitable for tourism

b) Institutionalized corruption and political instability

c) Opposition from international NGOs

d) Insufficient infrastructure investment

Answer 8

b

Question 9

What is the significance of Indigenous involvement in Amazonian ecotourism?

a) It ensures cultural preservation and political empowerment.

b) It guarantees financial sustainability of ecotourism projects.

c) It increases land ownership among Indigenous groups.

d) It prevents external organizations from exploiting biodiversity.

Answer 9

a

Question 10

What is the main role of ecotourism in Costa Rica’s Osa Peninsula?

a) To promote mass tourism while controlling deforestation

b) To protect biodiversity and support reforestation efforts

c) To encourage mining alternatives for economic growth

d) To create large-scale resorts for international tourists

Answer 10

b

Question 11

Why was the “floating hotel” model in the Galápagos Islands criticized?

a) It encouraged invasive species growth.

b) It excluded local communities from economic benefits.

c) It failed to attract high-value international tourists.

d) It led to the decline of traditional agriculture.

Answer 11

b

Question 12

What does the term “sustainable development” primarily challenge?

a) The use of traditional farming practices

b) The pursuit of economic growth as the sole development goal

c) The prioritization of tourism over conservation

d) The exploitation of global markets

Answer 12

b

Question 13

Why are international tourist fees in the Galápagos Islands a concern?

a) They do not adequately fund local community projects.

b) The fee has not increased since 1993 despite inflation.

c) They discourage domestic tourism development.

d) The funds are misallocated to non-tourism sectors.

Answer 13

b

Question 14

How did Costa Rica’s ecotourism differ from Nicaragua’s?

a) It focused on military-driven investments.

b) It promoted domestic ownership and small-scale projects.

c) It relied heavily on foreign corporations for growth.

d) It faced similar corruption challenges.

Answer 14

b

Question 15

What role does ecotourism play in reducing environmental harm in the Amazon?

a) It replaces destructive industries like agriculture and mining.

b) It eliminates deforestation by imposing government controls.

c) It provides exclusive benefits to global NGOs.

d) It reduces tourism demand to preserve ecosystems.

Answer 15

a

Question 16

What key limitation of ecotourism is highlighted in Nicaragua’s case?

a) It is ineffective without political stability and good governance.

b) It lacks sufficient funding to sustain projects.

c) It cannot coexist with mining and agriculture.

d) It fails to attract international tourists.

Answer 16

a

Question 17

How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact ecotourism?

a) It eliminated all international tourism revenue.

b) It revealed tourism’s reliance on extractive industries.

c) It exposed the vulnerability of conservation efforts reliant on tourism revenue.

d) It increased global demand for ecotourism.

Answer 17

c

Question 18

What distinguishes true ecotourism from general nature-based tourism?

a) It primarily targets wealthy international tourists.

b) It must generate net benefits for conservation and local communities.

c) It avoids creating any infrastructure in protected areas.

d) It is limited to biodiversity hotspots.

Answer 18

b

Question 19

ow does overtourism in Latin America threaten biodiversity?

a) By encouraging large-scale agriculture.

b) By generating waste and introducing invasive species.

c) By displacing Indigenous communities.

d) By reducing funding for conservation programs.

Answer 19

b

Question 20

What is the primary critique of large-scale tourism development in Costa Rica’s Guanacaste Peninsula?

a) It replaced traditional industries like cattle ranching.

b) It jeopardized the country’s ecotourism-focused reputation.

c) It led to the abandonment of small-scale tourism projects.

d) It resulted in a lack of domestic tourism growth.

Answer 20

b

Question 21

What areas of business does the article focus on?

A) Tourism Industry and Conservation and Development

B) Financial management and investment analysis

C) Supply chain and logistics optimation

D) E-Commerce and digital transformation

Answer 21

a

Question 22

What major report in 1987 emphasized sustainable development and influenced the rise of ecotourism?

A. The Rio Earth Summit Report

B. The Brundtland Report

C. The Journal of Ecotourism

D. The Green Development Plan

Answer 22

b

Question 23

What challenge does the Galápagos Islands face due to the scale of tourism?

A. Deforestation

B. Loss of freshwater resources and invasive species

C. Insufficient National Park funding

D. Declining biodiversity conservation

Answer 23

b

Question 24

Which country is most associated with the success of ecotourism, as highlighted in the article?

A. Brazil

B. Nicaragua

C. Costa Rica

D. Peru

Answer 24

c

Question 25

What is one of the key benefits of ecotourism mentioned in the article? A. It supports large-scale resort development. B. It ensures unlimited growth for local economies. C. It creates financial support for biodiversity conservation. D. It eliminates dependence on tourism.

Answer 25

c

Question 26

What environmental concern is highlighted as a major global challenge for tourism? A. Increased agriculture development B. Carbon emissions from long-haul travel C. Displacement of local communities D. Decline in tourism revenues

Answer 26

b

Question 27

How did Costa Rica manage to integrate ecotourism into its national development strategy? A. By investing in military infrastructure B. Through extensive multinational resort development C. By creating a network of small-scale ecolodges and protected areas D. By avoiding tourism development altogether

Answer 27

c

Question 28

What major factor has impeded ecotourism development in Nicaragua? A. Lack of biodiversity B. Authoritarian rule and corruption C. Overdependence on ecotourism revenues D. Lack of local community participation

Answer 28

b

Question 29

**Why did scholars in the late 1980s begin to reject top-down approaches to tourism development?** a) They failed to integrate international markets effectively. b) They did not address the intersection of biodiversity and cultural preservation. c) They prioritized economic growth over community and environmental welfare. d) They lacked scalability in rural and urban settings.

Answer 29

c

Question 30

**How does ecotourism uniquely contribute to biodiversity conservation compared to other land-use strategies in the Amazon?** a) It replaces extractive industries while providing an economic incentive for conservation. b) It attracts international funding for reforestation programs. c) It creates partnerships exclusively with NGOs to enforce environmental regulations. d) It directly redistributes tourist fees to Indigenous landowners.

Answer 30

a

Question 31

**In what way does the concept of "sustainable development" challenge traditional economic theories of tourism?** a) By prioritizing domestic over international tourism to reduce carbon emissions. b) By incorporating long-term environmental and social costs into development goals. c) By focusing solely on minimizing the ecological footprint of tourism ventures. d) By advocating for industrial-scale tourism for economic stability.

Answer 31

b

Question 32

**Why is the growth of invasive species in the Galápagos Islands attributed to ecotourism?** a) Tourism brings agricultural practices that alter local ecosystems. b) Increased human presence introduces non-native species through waste and resources. c) The islands rely on international imports to sustain the tourism industry. d) Visitors intentionally bring exotic species for research purposes.

Answer 32

b

Question 33

**What critical lesson does the Costa Rican ecotourism model teach about balancing conservation and economic growth?** a) Prioritizing international tourists ensures higher revenue for conservation. b) Avoiding large-scale infrastructure projects helps preserve local ecosystems. c) Government subsidies for foreign investors guarantee ecotourism success. d) Reducing private landholdings enhances public biodiversity management.

Answer 33

b

Question 34

**How does the mislabeling of ecotourism ventures threaten its long-term sustainability?** a) It creates confusion among policymakers about funding allocation. b) It allows ventures that harm ecosystems to claim legitimacy. c) It discourages local communities from participating in tourism. d) It shifts focus from environmental to cultural preservation.

Answer 34

b

Question 35

**Why was the Osa Peninsula airport project controversial despite Costa Rica's ecotourism success?** a) It lacked adequate financial backing from international conservation groups. b) It risked shifting tourism towards mass-market models incompatible with sustainability. c) It conflicted with the region's agricultural productivity goals. d) It reduced access to conservation areas for domestic tourists.

Answer 35

b

Question 36

**In the context of Indigenous involvement in Amazonian ecotourism, why are some ventures seen as exploitative?** a) They prioritize profits over cultural preservation. b) They impose Western environmental ethics on Indigenous communities. c) They exclude Indigenous groups from decision-making and revenue-sharing. d) They rely heavily on government subsidies to fund operations.

Answer 36

c

Question 37

**How did the COVID-19 pandemic expose structural weaknesses in ecotourism-reliant conservation efforts?** a) It revealed over-dependence on international tourist revenue to fund conservation. b) It led to permanent closures of national parks due to financial insolvency. c) It shifted focus away from conservation to urban development initiatives. d) It caused international NGOs to withdraw support for ecotourism projects.

Answer 37

a

Question 38

**What does the emergence of "regenerative tourism" suggest about the limitations of ecotourism?** a) Ecotourism fails to address cultural preservation in global tourism. b) Regenerative tourism emphasizes restoration, whereas ecotourism focuses on preservation. c) Ecotourism does not incorporate international biodiversity standards. d) Regenerative tourism replaces conservation with profit-maximization goals.

Answer 38

b