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Week 8-6 Flashcards

1
Q

How is oxygen carried in the blood?

A

Dissolved in plasma
Bound to 4 hemoglobin chains

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2
Q

Visible difference in oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood?

A

Oxy-Hemoglobin- red
Deoxy- Hemoglobin- blue

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3
Q

Describe spectrophotometry?

A

The use of light waves to measure absorption to find patients O2 saturation

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4
Q

The two wavelengths used during spectrophotometry

A

Red-660
Infrared-940

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5
Q

Three types of hemoglobins

A

Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin

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6
Q

Methemoglobin pattern

A

At 660 it is absorbing red wavelength

At 940 it is also absorbing more than the other hemoglobin

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7
Q

Oxyhemoglobin pattern?

A

Reflects both red and absorbs some infrared

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8
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin pattern?

A

Reflects both. Especially at 940

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9
Q

Two types of spectrophotometry?

A

Transmittance spectrophotometry

Reflectance spectrophotometry

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10
Q

How does pulse oximetry single out arterial blood?

A

Since the venous blood is consistent, when the heart pumps, it creates a variable that the sensor reads.

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11
Q

What should we look at to deem a pt. monitor as accurate?

A

Do heart rates match?

Are wave forms uniform?

Is the carrot full?

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12
Q

Common problems encountered with pulse oximetry?

A

Ambient light
Infrared radiation
Poor pulse strength/irregular
Nail polish
Artifact

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13
Q

Normal range of error for pulse oximetry?

A

+ or - 4

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14
Q

Lowest SpO2 with a degree of reliability?

A

80<

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15
Q

Hemoglobin conditions that can provide false readings?

A

Carboxyhemoglobin- carbon monoxide

Methemoglobin- to high or low

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16
Q

Define mass

A

Amount of matter is an object/substance

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17
Q

Define atomic weight?

A

Weight of protons and neutrons

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18
Q

Define atomic weight?

A

Weight of protons and neutrons

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19
Q

Atomic number?

A

Based on number of protons

20
Q

Molecular weight?

A

The sum of the atomic weights of the constituent atoms

21
Q

Gram atomic weight?

A

The mass of one mole of an atom expressed in grams

22
Q

Equation for density

A

Mass/volume

23
Q

What properties of X-rays that allows it to penetrate skin?

A

Uses HIGH electromagnetic radiation carried by photons

24
Q

Define exposure?

A

The exposure of radiation to the body to produce a internal silhouette

25
Define density in regards to production to X-rays
The state of matter and atomic mass that creates thickness that the photons must go through absorbs the photons to create the silhouette.
26
Define radiolucenct
Matter that is clear through x-ray
27
Define radiopaque
Matter that stops photons from reaching detector
28
How does the heart look during a AP image?
Larger Radiation does go straight, it is spread out
29
Which projection do we take X-rays?
Posterior-anterior
30
Why do we take a full inhalation during X-ray?
Can lead to misdiagnosed lung opacities
31
Why is it important to remember a X-ray is two dimensional?
Things outside body can show up. (Diagnosis is governed by density, thickness and exposure. Instead of layers of body tissue).
32
Other names for X-rays?
CXR, plain films, chest roentgenograms.
33
Formula for BMI?
Weight in kg divided by height in meters ^2
34
Cm to meters?
Divide by 100
35
Classification for BMI?
Normal <25 kg/m^2 Overweight 25-29 kg/m^2 Obese > or = 30 kg/^2
36
Good application of BMI
useful for the average person And “J shaped” relationship with mortality (drastic points on the spectrum)
37
Shortcomings of BMI scale?
Doesn’t account for individuals physical activity level Poor when calculating metabolic heath
38
PBW for men formula
50 + 2.3 [height (inches)-60]
39
PBW for female formula?
45.5 + 2.3 [height (inches) - 60]
40
What protocol do we use PBW
ARDSnet
41
Formula for the shock index?
HR/Systolic
42
Normal range for the shock index?
0.5-0.7
43
IBW formula for men?
106 + 6(height in inches -60)
44
IBW for women?
105 + 5(height in inches - 60)
45
Reason for poor perfusion?
Hypotension Hypovolemia Hypothermia Administration of vasoconstrictor
46
Reason for poor perfusion?
Hypotension Hypovolemia Hypothermia Administration of vasoconstrictor

Principals (16 decks)

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