Week 8: Blood Supply to the body regions and vertebral column

Question 1

What are the three parts of the aorta and their origins?

Answer 1

Ascending Aorta: Begins at the aortic valve of the left ventricle; left carotid artery may originate here.

Aortic Arch: Connects ascending and descending aorta; gives rise to brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian artery.

Descending Aorta: Runs posterior to heart, gives off thoracic and abdominal branches.

Question 2

What regions do the branches of the aortic arch supply?

Answer 2

Head, neck, shoulders, upper limbs, and superior thoracic wall.

Question 3

What are the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery, and what do they supply?

Answer 3

Internal carotid artery: Brain, eyes, and intracranial structures; no neck branches.

External carotid artery: Face, scalp, neck muscles; has branches like facial, occipital, and superficial temporal arteries.

Question 4

Name at least 5 branches of the external carotid artery.

Answer 4

Facial a., Occipital a., Lingual a., Maxillary a., Superficial temporal a.

Question 5

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

Answer 5

Bronchial, esophageal, and mediastinal branches

Question 6

What are the branches of body wall

Answer 6

Posterior intercostal and Phrenic arteries

Question 7

Which arteries arise from the subclavian to supply the thoracic wall?

Answer 7

Internal thoracic
Anterior intercostal
Pericardiophrenic arteries

Question 8

Abdominal Aorta is a continuation of what?

Answer 8

Descending Aorta

Question 9

Inferior Phrenic Arteries are?

Answer 9

Arteries that supply blood to the diaphragm, the muscle separating the chest from the abdomen

Question 10

What are the three branches of the celiac trunk, and what do they supply?

Answer 10

1. Left Gastric Artery: Stomach.
2. Splenic Artery: Spleen, pancreas, part of stomach.
3. Common Hepatic Artery: Liver, gallbladder, part of stomach.

Question 11

Other branches of the Abdominal aorta?

Answer 11

Superior mesenteric artery:

Inferior mesenteric artery:

Renal arteries:

Lumbar arteries:

Median sacral Artery:

Question 12

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 12

Supplies blood to the small intestine, cecum, appendix and the ascending and transverse colon

Question 13

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 13

supplies blood to the large intestine descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 14

What does the renal arteries supply?

Answer 14

supply blood to the kidneys

Question 15

What does lumbar arteries supply?

Answer 15

supply blood to the lower back muscles and spinal cord

Question 16

What does the median sacral artery supply?

Answer 16

supplies blood to the sacrum and coccyx

Question 17

What is Lumbar arteries and where does it supply to?

Answer 17

Arise from abdominal aorta; supply lower back muscles and vertebrae.

Question 18

What are the lumbar branches of the iliolumbar artery, and what do they supply?

Answer 18

The lumbar branches are part of the iliolumbar artery, which arises from the internal iliac artery.

These branches supply muscles and structures of the lower back and pelvis, including the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and iliacus muscles.

Question 18

The lumbar branches median sacral artery provides the supply where?

Answer 18

Supply blood to the lower back and pelvic region

Question 19

what are the major arteries in the pelvic region

Answer 19

1. Common iliac artery
2. External iliac artery
3. Internal iliac artery

Question 20

The common iliac Artery…

Answer 20

Arise from the abdominal aorta (at the level of L4)

Question 21

External iliac artery…

Answer 21

A branch of the common iliac artery

Question 22

internal iliac artery…

Answer 22

A branch of the iliac artery

Question 23

What arteries form from the terminal abdominal aorta at L4?

Answer 23

Left and right common iliac arteries, which divide into internal and external iliac arteries.

Question 24

What arteries supply the upper cervical spinal cord?

Answer 24

Paired anterior and posterior spinal arteries, branches of the vertebral arteries.

Question 25

What is the function of the arterial vasocorona?

Answer 25

Anastomotic plexus connecting anterior and posterior spinal arteries along the spinal cord surface.

Question 26

What are radicular arteries and their significance?

Answer 26

Branches from cervical, intercostal, and iliac arteries; reinforce spinal arteries and supply lower cord regions (6–8 pairs).

Question 27

What happens to the anterior spinal arteries at the level of the medulla?

Answer 27

At the level of the medulla, the paired anterior spinal arteries unite to form a single midline artery. This single anterior spinal artery descends in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord, supplying the anterior two-thirds of the cord.

Question 28

What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?

Answer 28

Deep veins run with arteries; superficial veins have numerous anastomoses and are located just below the skin.

Question 29

What veins drain into the superior and inferior vena cava?

Answer 29

Superior vena cava: Head, neck, upper limbs (via subclavian, brachiocephalic, jugular). Inferior vena cava: Lower limbs, abdomen (via iliac, renal, hepatic veins, etc.).