Week 8 Quiz Flashcards
Includes lecture 10 and 11 (15 cards)
what structures lie on the posterior side of the medulla?
cuneate tubercle: lateral to the gracile tubercle, below the rhomboid fossa
gracile tubercle: medial bumps below the obex
obex: bottom tip of the rhomboid fossa
posterior median sulcus: line where the two halves of the medulla meet
hypoglossal trigone: midline of the rhomboid fossa
vagal trigone: small bump on either side of the hypoglossal trigone at the bottom of the rhomboid fossa
sulcus limitans: depression on either side of the medial bumps at the top of the rhomboid fossa
what structures lie on the anterior side of the medulla?
pyramids: two medial bumps that run along the medulla
anterior median fissure: upper half of the midline of the medulla between the pyramids
pyramidal decussation: lower half of the midline of the medulla between the pyramids
olives: bumps lateral to the pyramids on the medulla
(diagram on L10S5)
what structures lie on the anterior and posterior sides of the pons?
posterior:
facial colliculus: two medial bumps that lie at the top of the rhomboid fossa
superior cerebellar peduncle: tail of the nike swoosh
inferior cerebellar peduncle: middle of the nike swoosh
middle cerebellar peduncle: largest section of the nike swoosh
anterior:
basal pins: main middle section of brainstem
(diagram on L10S7)
what structures lie on the anterior and posterior sides of the midbrain?
posterior:
superior colliculi: top bump of the two at the top of the brainstem
inferior colliculi: bottom bump of the two at the top of the brainstem
inferior brachium: lies between the superior and inferior colliculi
anterior:
cerebral peduncles: lateral bumps the lies above the basal pons
(diagram on L10S9)
what are the three general areas of the brainstem?
top section: tectum
middle section: tegmentum
bottom section: basal region which includes
pyramid and inferior olivary nucleus on the rostral medulla, the basal pons on the pons, and the cerebral peduncle and substantia nigra on the midbrain
(diagram on L10S13)
where do the corticospinal tract, medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, and reticular formation lie on the brain?
corticospinal tract: lies on the bottom of the brain
reticular formation: lies in the middle of the brain
medial lemniscus: lies lateral to the reticular formation on the lower portion
spinothalamic tract: lies lateral to the reticular formation on the upper portion
(diagram on L10S14)
what is the function of the reticular formation?
integrates cortical inputs for control of complex movements, integrates spinal input to cerebellum for control of movements
how does the reticular formation play a role in consciousness and arousal?
reticular formation inhibits the thalamus and cortex to stop consciousness and activate the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) which induces during sleep
where is noradrenaline made?
made in the locus coeruleus in the rostral pons
where is dopamine made?
made in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area
where is serotonin made?
made in the raphe nuclei
what is a mnemonic to remember if the cranial nerves are sensory, motor, or both?
Olfactory: Some
Optic: Say
Oculomotor: Marry
Trochlear: Money
Trigeminal: But
Abducens: My
Facial: Brother
Vestibulocochlear: Says
Glossopharyngeal: Bigger
Vagus: Brains
Spinal Accessory: Matter
Hypoglossal: Most
where are somatic/visceral and sensory/motor regions located on the spinal cord?
somatic sensory: lie at the very top of the central canal, most lateral once the fourth ventricle splits
visceral sensory: lie right above the sulcus limitans, medial to the somatic sensory once the fourth ventricle splits
visceral motor: lies right below the sulcus limitans, lateral to the somatic motor once the fourth ventricle splits
somatic motor: lies at the very bottom of the central canal, most medial once the fourth ventricle splits
(diagram on L11S4)
where are the oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and hypoglossal nuclei and what muscles do they innervate?
oculomotor: lies below the inferior colliculi on the posterior side of the brain stem, line the bottom triangle of the PAG, innervates the superior, inferior, and medial recti and inferior oblique
trochlear: lies right below the oculomotor nuclei on the posterior side of the brain stem, lie just below the outer rim of the PAG, innervates the superior oblique
abducens: lies between the cerebellar peduncles, innervates the lateral rectus
hypoglossal: lies along the pyramids below the fourth ventricle, innervates the tongue muscles
what are the three segments of the trigeminal nerve?
opthalamic: innervates the forehead area
maxillary: innervates the upper cheek and mouth
mandibular: innervates the lower jaw
