Week 8 Vestibular Pathologies Flashcards
is it in the central or peripheral NS that nuclei and higher centers recognize signals from both sides of the body and compares them with one another
central
what are some common patient reported complaints
dizzy lightheaded vertigo imbalance disequilibrium oscillopsia HA and migraine tinnitus and feeling off
dizziness: possible lesion locations in the peripheral
semicircular canals
otoliths
CN 8
cervical spine.
dizziness: possible lesion locations in the central
cerebellum
midbrain
pons
spinal cord
what is the difference in nystagmus between the central and peripheral
central: can be vertical, unidirectional, or multidirectional
peripheral: typically unidirectional, not vertical
in which (the central or peripheral) will you have tinnitus, and decreased hearing
peripheral, uncommon in central
brainstem lesion signs are associated with peripheral or central?
central
in which (central or perisperhal) is oscillopsia common
central or peripheral (unless lesion is bilateral)
what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). what is it provoked by?
what is it the most common cause of?
otoconia are displaced from the macula, into the semicircular canal, so error signals are sent with changes in endolymph speed
provoked by changes in head position and gravity
most common cause of vertigo
what are the signs and symptoms of BPPV?
nystagmus,
vertigo
nausea and vomiting
what is the duration and treatment of BPPV
usually subsides in 2 minutes, and vestibular rehab
what is vestibular neuritis
vestibular nerve inflammation, caused by the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus I
damage to the nerve from virus, and the signals are interrupted to the brain
what are the signs and symptoms of vestibular neuritis
vertigo, disequilibrium, spontaneous nystagmus, nausea. HEARING IS NOT AFFECTED
what is the duration and treatment for vestibular neuritis
last up to 3 days, improves over 2 weeks
treatment: meclizine for nausea and vomit and vestibular rehab
what is labyrinthitis
inflammation or swelling in the middle ear, caused by an ear infection or an upper respiratory tract infection of the flu.
what are the signs and symptoms of labyrinthitis
vertigo, spontaneous nystagmus, disequilibrium, nauseam fullness in the ear, lightheadedness.
what is the duration and treatment of labyrinthitis
weeks to months, and antibiotic or meds and vestibular rehab
what is Meniere’s disease
unknown, but associated with fluid pressure in the inner ear
what are the signs and symptoms of Meniere’s disease
fullness in ear tinnitus severe acute vertigo actue disequilibrium nausea and vomit hearing loss
what is the duration and treatment for meunière’s disease
recurrent episodes over 1-7 years, each lasting 30 min to 24 hours
treatment: diuretics, low sodium diet, gentamicin injection to impair contralateral labyrinth, surgery for nerve.
vestibular rehab isn’t great
what is a vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)
slow growing benign tumor surround the CN 8, form an overproduction of Schwann cells
what are the signs and symptoms of a neuroma
vertigo, nausea, possible progressive hearing loss
what is the duration and what is the treatment for a neuroma
surgery and vestibular rehab and symptoms last as long as tumor is there, or even after resection
what is a perilymph fistula
caused by head trauma, and sever pressure changes, leading to inner ear damage, causing fluid to leak between the inner and middle ear
