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Roman Republic > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The Julian family was very old, tracing roots right back to the very founders of Rome.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What does the name Caesar mean?

A

“Curly Hair”

People teased him for his balding despite his name

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3
Q

Who did the Julian clan claim divine descent from?

A

Aeneas

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4
Q

Who was Caesar’s most famous uncle?

A

Gaius Marius

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5
Q

Who was Caesar’s first wife?

A

Cornelia, Cinna’s daughter

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6
Q

Why is Caesar forced to divorce his first wife, Cornelia?

A
  • Because Cinna, her father, was put on Sulla’s proscription list
  • So, Sulla asked Caesar to divorce her
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7
Q

What happens to Caesar when he flees east to evade Sulla?

A
  • He is kidnapped by Pirates
  • The pirates put him up for ransom for 20 talents, but Caesar told them that he is worth more than that, so they upped it to 50
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8
Q

What did Caesar famously say to the pirates when they kidnapped him?

A

He told the pirates that as soon as they free him he would crucify them all, they thought he was joking (but he did in fact crucify them all when he returned)

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9
Q

Which foreign King’s court did Caesar frequent after escaping the pirates?

A
  • Nicomedes IV of Bithynia (Roman ally)
  • There are rumours Caesars became lover of the king
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10
Q

For what habit did Cicero make fun of Caesar for?

A
  • Cicero made fun of Caesar when he said that he always effeminately cared how his hair looked (particularly him fixing his hair with his finger)
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11
Q

What political position did Caesar begin at?

A

Quaestor

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12
Q

True or False: Caesar gave eulogies for his aunt Julia and wife Cornelia. This was very unusual for the time.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

How did Caesar get political support?

A

By ingratiating himself to the people

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14
Q

What did Caesar do in honour of his father who had died 20 years earlier?

A

Hosted gladiatorial shows

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15
Q

Who was the first to really realize that you could make a religious occasion a public event for people to enjoy?

A

Caesar

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16
Q

How did Caesar manage to afford to host so many shows and events for the public?

A

Crassus’ money

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17
Q

When was the first Triumvirate established?

A

60 BC

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18
Q

Who were the 3 members of the triumvirate?

A
  • Caesar
  • Crassus
  • Pompey
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19
Q

Who was the one who first proposed the First Triumvirate?

A

Caesar

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20
Q

True or False: The first Triumvirate was never a publicly official alliance.

A

TRUE

It was a secret alliance

21
Q

What does the word triumvirate mean?

A

A rule of three men

22
Q

True or False: Despite the triumvirate, Caesar, Pompey and Crassus remained rivals.

23
Q

List the achievements the First Triumvirate got for Caesar:

A
  • Caesar gained the consulship as he had the support of Crassus and Pompey
  • Caesar passed legislation favourable to his allies (like granting land to Pompey’s veterans)
  • Caesar secured an unusual ten-year proconsulship in Gaul (Cisalpine AND Alpine Gaul)
24
Q

What marriage alliance was included with the first Triumvirate?

A
  • Caesar’s daughter, Julia, is married to Pompey
25
What were the 3 types of Gauls:
- Cisalpine Gauls - Alpine Gauls - Free Gauls
26
What Gaulish tribe burned their own villages in order to conquer the rest of Gaul?
The Helvetii
27
What pretext did Caesar have for attacking the Helvetii?
- The Helvetii crossed into Roman territory while on their way to conquer Gaul
28
Who helped Caesar to defeat the Germanic tribes across the Rhine?
- Gaulish allies
29
How many Germanic tribesmen did Caesar kill?
80 000
30
Who did Caesar fight after the Germanic wars?
- Many of his Gaulish allies turned against him - The Northern Gauls (Belgians) started to attack Caesar
31
What weakness did Caesar exploit in the Gauls?
- The Gaulish in-fighting - The Gaulish wars against the Germanii aswell
32
In what year did Caesar first adopt his offensive imperialistic policy?
56 BC
33
Who was Vercingetorix?
- Name means Great King of Warriors - Arverni chieftain - Banded together a coalition of Gauls to fight Caesar - Lost at the battle of Alesia - Vercingetorix was imprisoned for 5 years in Rome, being subsequently executed
34
When was the Battle of Alesia?
52 BC
35
When did the First Triumvirate break down?
- Upon the death of Crassus in 53 BC
36
Describe the 2 factions created after the dissolution of the First Triumvirate:
I. Cesareans → (Caesar and Mark Antony) II. Republicans → (Pompey and Cato the Younger)
37
What Republican leader feared that Caesar wanted sole rule, like Sulla had done earlier?
Cato the Younger
38
Why did Cato the Younger ally himself with Pompey?
- He feared that Caesar wanted sole rule, like Sulla had done earlier - He believed that Pompey wanted to prevent this from happening as well
39
In what year did Caesar's governorship of Gaul expire? What did he do?
- 49 BC, his governorship expired - Customarily, he was supposed to disband his troops and return to Rome - But, he didn't
40
What were the problems with Pompey's army?
- He had 2 legions - BUT, they had previously fought for Caesar, and so, were more loyal to Caesar than to him
41
In what year did Caesar cross the Rubicon?
49 BC
42
How was Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon a declaration of war?
Because it was illegal to bring troops into Italy
43
Why did Caesar cross the Alps in January instead of waiting for March ?
Because he needed to rely on his speed
44
What happens at the Senate meeting convened by Pompey to decide what to do when Caesar crossed the Rubicon?
- Pompey wins the verdict, declaring Caesar as public enemy - BUT, Marc Antony is Tribune of the Plebs and vetoes the decision
45
Where does Pompey flee before Caesar reaches Rome?
Greece
46
What does Caesar do when he reaches Rome in 49 BC?
- Has Senate declare him dictator - Gets the senate to declare Pompey as public enemy - Made Marcus Antonius as Master of the Horse
47
True or False: Caesar chose to forgive his enemies in the Senate, and NOT persecute anybody
TRUE
48
Why did Caesar choose NOT to immediately pursue Pompey when he fled east?
- To give himself time to repair things in Rome (ex. Repairing interest rate), so that Italy was stable when he left for war out east

Roman Republic (14 decks)

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