Week 9 Flashcards
(79 cards)
- What systems of transportation transformed the United States in the early 1800s?
Railroads, canals, steamboats. Steam power was new and that’s why tailor pads and steamboats came about.
o What did canals do? Why were they important?
specifically erie canal connected existing waterways which allowed for steamboats to transport trade items coming from farmers in the West going to manufacturers in the East. also helped transport people that were looking to settle in upstate New York and the Old Northwest.
*What crop becomes incredibly lucrative in the early 1800s? why?
cotton. With the creation of the cotton gin, cotton could be produced and marketed on a much larger scale. Textile factories began to be centered around in the North and which needed huge amounts of cotton.
What effect did increased cotton production have on slavery?
- Expected to die out because tobacco exhausted the soil, slavery instead expanded with cotton plantations spreading into the South Carolina upcountry.
- SC reopened the African slave trade between 1803 and 1808 before Congress banned it in 1808. - - Historians estimate that around one million slaves were shifted from older slave states to the newly opened Deep South between 1800 and 1860.
What effect did new machinery have on cities? Why?
Goods previously produced at home were now more often bought in stores, and more concentration was placed on producing crops and livestock for market rather than subsistence.
How did machinery affect how people lived?
Population increased and urban merchants, bankers, and master craftsmen exploited the expanding market among commercial farmers. Jobs were created since it was not necessary for one person to do an entire job anymore.
Why were clocks suddenly significant? (machinery)
The “American system of manufactures” relied on the mass production of interchangeable parts that could be quickly
assembled into standardized finished products. This was first practiced and perfected in clock production by Eli Terry of Connecticut, and small arms production by Eli Whitney.
Nativism
native-born Americans that believe they are better than immigrants because they were born there
How were the Irish received? Why did they migrate to the US?
Irish immigrants alarmed many nativists who feared the impact of immigration on American political and social life. They were also Roman Catholics in a mostly Protestant society with deep anti-Catholic traditions, and they increased the visibility and power of the Catholic Church. They migrated to the US to avoid the Great Famine.
What happened with Mormons? Where did they go?
the Mormons established their own religion, Mormonism, based off of visions that Joseph Smith claimed that he had in his childhood about the story of Jesus Christ. Eventually, after backlash from non-Mormons, they settled in Illinois in 1839, where they intended to await the second coming of Christ
Why did mormons have troubles?
It upset people that weren’t used to the controversial teachings, most notably polygamy, that this religion was providing.
- Lowell and factory conditions
Was a mill where women were allowed to work and live. Conditions were poor. There were strikes.
- Who was excluded from the Market Revolution?
African Americans and women were limited in opportunity in the market revolution.
Andrew Jackson and political changes
How did inventions in print technology change the public sphere?
Labor organizations, reformers, and even Native American tribes printed their own alternative newspapers for the first time in American history, and the growth of print offered a new generation of women writers a venue for expression. Anyone could write and put their thoughts out there.
What was up with the Second Bank of the United States (BUS)? Did people like it?
the “American System.” This system would rest on a new national bank, a tariff on imports to protect and foster manufacturing, and federal financing of road and canal construction, called “internal improvements.” Although the tariff and national bank became law in 1816, Madison vetoed an internal improvements bill. He was afraid that if the national government were given powers not expressed in the Constitution it would interfere with individual liberty and slavery in southern states. People didn’t like BUS.
Panic of 1819
the Bank of the United States contributed to widespread speculation, mostly in land, after the War of 1812. When high European demand for American farm goods decreased back to normal levels in 1819, this speculative bubble burst. Falling land prices ruined farmers and businessmen who could no longer pay their loans, banks failed, and unemployment spread in eastern cities.
Missouri Compromise
temporarily settled the question of the expansion of slavery by dividing the Louisiana Purchase into free and slave areas.
What happened in other parts of the Western Hemisphere in the 1820s? Why is that significant?
Spain’s Latin American colonies rebelled and established independent nations, including Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru. Americans sympathized with these republican revolutions, and the US was the first to recognize these new governments.
What was the ‘corrupt bargain’?
Clay was soon appointed secretary of state. This appointment led to charges that a “corrupt bargain” between Clay and Adams had secured the presidency for Adams, and laid the basis for the emergence of a Democratic Party behind Andrew Jackson’s candidacy in the 1828 election.
Jackson presidency
a strong nationalist who believed that states, not the federal government, should govern; and he opposed federal intervention in the economy or interference in private life.
How did Jackson deal with the BUS?
reduced spending, lowered the tariff, killed the national bank, and refused federal aid for internal improvements.
Nullification Crisis
Calhoun argued that his theory did not threaten disunion but preserved it, allowing unique and diverse states to preserve their interests while remaining part of the federal union.
To President Jackson, however, nullification was disunion. In 1832, when a new tariff was enacted, South Carolina declared it would be null and void the next year.
In response, Jackson persuaded Congress to pass the Force Act authorizing him to use the military to collect the tariff in South Carolina.
To avoid war, Henry Clay, along with Calhoun, created a compromise tariff in 1833 that reduced duties.
South Carolina rescinded the nullification law, and Calhoun abandoned his Democratic Party and Jackson for Clay and Webster, and the Whigs, where they were united only by their hatred for Jackson.
What happened to William Henry Harrison?
He was elected president but died soon after, making John Tyler, VP, the accidental president.
