Week 9 Flashcards
Genitourinary (15 cards)
Label key anatomical structres
Unable to add image (google it)
list aetiological agents for infections that target the urinary system and the reproductive system
urinary (UTI)
- e.coli
- staphylococcus spp.
- candida spp. (albicans most common)
reproductive (STI)
- chlamydia trachomatis
- Neisseria
- gonorrhoeae
- Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
- Herpes simplex 2
- human papilloma virus
For females, list methods for limiting transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host in the urinary system and reproductive system
urinary system
- empty urinary bladder
- wipe front to back
- decreased indwelling time
reproductive system
- barrier protection
- post-coital voiding
- abstinence
- sterile equipment
- menstrual products
Identify portals of entry and exit for this organ system
Entry
- indwelling devices pass through a non-sterile area to get to the sterile urinary bladder
- haematogenous, filtration through kidneys
Exit
- urine
- mucous membrane
- menstrual fluid, cervical fluid
- seminal fluid
For males, list methods for limiting transmission from a reservoir to a susceptible host in the urinary system and reproductive system
urinary
- empty urinary bladder
- hygiene around the foreskin
- regular ejaculation
- reduce indwelling time
reproductive
- barrier protection
- abstinence
For the different stages in life (infant, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and aging) identify reasons for increased host susceptibility
Infant/childhood
- Nappies not changed frequently
- toilet training & wiping mechanics
Puberty
- new interactions
- oropharyngeal transmission
Pregnancy
- urinary retention
- UTIs become complicated due to baby, greater blood volume, and selective drugs
- cervical mucus plugs (generally less STIs)
Menopause
- loss of estrogen, less lactobacilli, pH goes up
Aging
- prostate enlargement, constriction of urethra, impeded full emptying of bladder
- mechanical wiping difficulty
- incontinence
- indwelling devices
List endogenous and exogenous infections for UTIs and STIs
Endogenous
- UTI (skin, distal urethra, perianal region)
- STI (not likely)
Exogenous
- UTI (devices in poor practice, sexual partner, iatrogenic)
- STI (sexual partner)
List 3 key pieces of information you would want to collect when examining a patient with a suspected UTI or STI
UTI
- duration of signs/symptoms (UTIs should be self-resolving)
- frequency of frequency
- medications
- location of pain (differentiate from kidneys and bladder)
- visible cloudy urine
STI
- sexual activity (barrier protection used?)
- number of partners
- discomfort/lesions
- ?pregnancy
Is Eshceria coli more commonly associated with UTI or STI and add pertinent details about the class/structure of the infectious agent
UTI (80% community acquired UTI)
- gram negative bacteria
- from GIT
Is Klebsiella pneumoniae more commonly associated with UTI or STI, and add pertinent details about the class/structure of the infectious agent
UTI
- gram negative bacteria
- from GIT
- HAI
Is Chlamydia trachomatis more commonly associated with UTI or STI, and add pertinent details about the class/structure of the infectious agent
STI
- intracellular bacterium
- gram negative
- replicates in epithelial cells (generally cervical mucosa)
Is Neisserira gonorrhoeae more commonly associated with UTI or STI, and add pertinent details about the class/structure of the infectious agent
STI
- gram negative
- replicates in epithelial cells
- enzyme to degrade secretory IgA
Is Herpes Simplex Virus more commonly associated with UTI or STI, and add pertinent details about the class/structure of the infectious agent
STI
- limited treatment options
- latent infection (never cleared)
For a mid-stream urine specimen, what site/type of infection, infectious agent, and diagnostic test might be used.
- UTI (e.g. E.coli) - dipstick test, microscopy culture sensitivity
- no test for STI
For a first-catch urine specimen, what site/type of infection, infectious agents, and diagnostic test might be used
- Urethritis (e.g. chlamydia) - microscopy, PCR - genotypic
- non-specific urethritis (genital mycoplasmas) PCR
