Week 9- COPD Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 9- COPD Deck (19)
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1
Q

What are the differences between COPD and asthma?

A

They have different mediators
Asthma can be treated by bronchodilators and corticosteroids whereas COPD cant
COPD is more irreversible than asthma

2
Q

What inflammatory cells are involved with asthma?

A

Eosinophils
Mast cells
TH2 lymphocytes

3
Q

What inflammatory cells are involved with COPD?

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
TC1 lymphocytes

4
Q

What are the 3 pathologies of COPD?

A
Chronic bronchitis (mucus hyper secretion)
Chronic bronchiolitis (small airways disease= airway stenosis) 
Emphysema (alveolar detachments are destroyed so cant be held inflated)
5
Q

What potent mediator of fibroblasts is made by epithelial cells on exposure to smoke?

A

TGF beta

6
Q

What is the main treatment of COPD (not drugs)?

A

Smoking cessation to prevent decline in lung function

7
Q

What is a pack year?

A

Smoking 20 cigarettes a day for one year

8
Q

What is bronchoalveolar lavage?

A

When liquid is released into the airways and brought back up by the bronchoscope to see what mediators and cell types are present in the aiway

9
Q

What are the 2 main types of emphysema?

A

Centrilobular

Pan- lobular

10
Q

Describe centrilobular emphysema

A

Most common form

Cigarette smoke effects splitting of airways so most effects centre of functional unit

11
Q

Describe panlobular emphysema

A

Lack of alpha 1 antitripsin means damage is spread and not centrally located

12
Q

How may inhibition of proteases help the symptoms of COPD?

A

They stop the pathologies of chronic bronchitis and emphysema getting worse

13
Q

Why does COPD assessment involve doing a lung function test?

A

To look at the rate of decline in lung function and see if the drug is slowing the rate of decline

14
Q

Why does COPD assessment involve high resolution CT scanning?

A

Too look at the extent of emphysemic destruction to see if its getting worse at a slower rate

15
Q

Why do small airways become obstructed, stenosed and collapse?

A

If alveolar attachments are destroyed there is nothing to hold the airways open

16
Q

How would bronchodilators help COPD?

A

They wouldn’t because theres nothing making the airways constrict in COPD

17
Q

What part of the respiratory tract does chronic bronchitis affect?

A

Larger conducting airways

18
Q

What part of the respiratory tract does small airways disease affect?

A

Bronchioles and any airways smaller than 2mm in diameter

19
Q

What part of the respiratory tract does emphysema affect?

A

Alveoli and surrounding tissue

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