week 9 drugs Flashcards
(30 cards)
imatinib
tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor used for multiple types of cancers such as myelogenous leukemia
erlotinib
blocks ECGR (epidermal growth factor receptor): treatment, non-small cell lung and pancreatic cancer
melanoma drug resistance
exhibits primary resistance on initial exposure (lack of tumor response)-need multiple exposures to treatment to get response of tumor
• Sometimes tumor acquires resistance during treatment
cyclophosphamide
akylating agent
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Leukemia
Breast cancer
Multiple Myeloma
2. Transfer their alkyl groups to various cell constituents such as DNA. Alkylation of DNA in nucleus cause miscoding and can break DNA strands
3. Resistance: increased capacity to repair damaged DNA
4. Adverse effects:
Nausea, vomiting
Damage to rapidly growing tissues (bone marrow, GI tract, reproductive tissue)
Carcinogenic in nature (increases risk for secondary cancer)
procarbazine
nitrosoureas
used for combination regimens for Hodgkin’s lymphoma
2. Passes BBB to treat brain tumor
cisplatin
platinum analog- used for broad range of solid tumors, nephrotoxic
methyltrexate
G. Antimetabolites
1. Acts on intermediary metabolism of proliferating cells
2. E.g., methyltrexate-folic analog
Inhibits tetrahydrofolate-Interferes with formation of DNA, key proteins
Treats head and neck cancers, breast cancer
Toxicity: mucositis, diarrhea
5-fluorouracil
- Inhibits thymidine synthase, decreases NDA synthase and decreases DNA synthasis and function
- treats: colorectal, anal, breast, head & neck, and hepatocellular cancers
vinblastine or vincristine
chemo drugs
- Inhibits tubulin polymerization-cytoskeleton component—arrests in cell division and causes cell death
- Toxicity: mucositis, myelosuppression
- Treat: breast cancer and Kaposi’s lymphoma
anthracyclines
doxorubicin/bleomycin-treat breast cancer)
• Mechanism: formation of free radicals that bind to DNA, causing breaks
• Treat: lymphomas, breast cancer and thyroid cancer
• Toxicity: nausea and red (not blood) urine
ALL
most common in children
AML
most common in adults- cytarabine is single most active agent
Hodgkins
younger, nicer
• B-cell neoplasm (Reed-Sternberg cell)
• EBV virus found in ~80%
• Tx: anthracycline, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine
multiple myeloma
- Plasma cell malignancy, primarily in bone marrow
- Symptoms:
• Bone pain
• Fractures
• Anemia
• Tx: alkylating agent; prednisone
breast cancer
• Stage I: small, primary tumor
–surgery alone is an 80% cure
• Stage II: positive node; post-operative use of chemo (e.g., 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil).
• Stage III-IV: a major challenge
• Breast cancer-much more effective resolution due to early treatments
prostate cancer
1 in 8 men,
Treat by eliminating testosterone production through surgical castration
LH-releasing hormone agonists
GI cancer
- Colorectal cancer most common GI malignancy
* Tx: 5-fluorouracil (40-50% response rates)
secondary malignancy
• Late complication of alkylating agents
most frequent is acute myelogenous leukemia—observed as early as 2-4 years after; also see Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and bladder cancer
pilocarpine
cholinomimetic-contract ciliary muscle and increases outflow of aqueous humor.
timolol
beta blocker-decreases aqueous humor secretion (popular for open angle glaucoma)
alpha agonist
epi- tx glaucoma
lantanoprost
prostaglandin-increase outflow (getting it out of the eye) of aqueous humor (popular for Open angle glaucoma)
drugs bad for glaucoma
- Anticholinergic and stimulants (amphetamines), worsen glaucoma
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide reduces aqueous humor secretion
bevacizumab
monoclonal AB injected into vitreous humor for wet AMD
