Week 9: Fluids

Question 1

body fluid

Answer 1

total body water=60%
intracellular 2/3 TBW
extracellular 1/3 TBW (intersititial fluid 3/4 of ECF, intravascular/plasma 1/4 of ECF)

Question 2

plasma

Answer 2

5% of body weight

Question 3

blood volume

Answer 3

8-9%-dogs and large animals

6-7& cats

Question 4

calculating blood volume

Answer 4

dogs and large animals=90 ml/kg lean body weight

cats-60ml/kg lean body weight

Question 5

electrolytes

Answer 5

cations: pos charge

anions=neg charge

Question 6

colloids

Answer 6

large molecular weight

plasma protein

Question 7

anions

Answer 7

chloride CL-
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Phosphates HPOr-
Proteins

Question 8

cations

Answer 8

sodium NA+
Potassium K+
Magnesium MG 2+
Calcum CA2+

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

normal constant state

Question 10

water solute movement

Answer 10

passive and active diffusion

Question 11

Water permiability

Answer 11

across all membranes

concentration gradient

Question 12

Electrolyte permeability

Answer 12

across vascular membrane not cellular

distributes throughout ECF

Question 13

Colloid Permeability

Answer 13

fluid with large molecules

stay within the vasculature

Question 14

water solute balance

Answer 14

pos and neg charge must be equal
solute provide osmotic pressure
small solutes pass freely intravascular space from interstitial space

Question 15

IV fluids

Answer 15

1/3 fluids stay in intravascular space, 2/3 interstitial

Question 16

Dehydration

Answer 16

depletes ECF

Question 17

perioperative hemorrhage

Answer 17

loss of intravascular space

hypertonic saline or colloid

Question 18

low albumin

Answer 18

blood plasma or colloid solution

Question 19

IV

Answer 19

fast/versatile preferred

Question 20

SQ

Answer 20

absorbed 6-8 hrs

isotonic

Question 21

IO

Answer 21

fast alternative to IV

neonates

Question 22

Crystalloids

Answer 22

electrolytes in water
hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic

Question 23

hypotonic

Answer 23

more water than electrolytes
5% dextrose,
0.45% NaCL, Normosol M, plasmalyte 56

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

equal osmolaity

0.9% NaCL, Normosol R, Plasmalyte, 148 LRS

Question 25

Hypertonic

Answer 25

electrolytes | 3% and 7% NaCL

Question 26

Colloids

Answer 26

high molecular weight natural=plasma/albumin solution synthetic=hetastarch, vetstartch, dextran 70

Question 27

Surgery fluids

Answer 27

isotonic, polytonic, replacement fluids

Question 28

sick patients

Answer 28

PCF less than 20 TP less than 3.5 g/dL isotonic, polytonic replacement fluids

Question 29

Crystalloids

Answer 29

Isotonic, polytonic, replacement LRS, Normosol R, Plasma Lyte A and R, Isolyte S, , contains dextrose

Question 30

resuscitation phase

Answer 30

restore vascular volume | reverse hypovolemic shock

Question 31

replacement phase

Answer 31

correct dehydration | replace and maintain fluids

Question 32

maintenance phase

Answer 32

after dehydration is corrected hypotonic crystalloids 40-60 ml/kg/day

Question 33

potassium chloroide

Answer 33

hypokalemia

Question 34

dextrose

Answer 34

hypoglycemia

Question 35

sodium bicarbonate

Answer 35

use with caution metabolic acidosis severe hyperkalemia

Question 36

administration anesthesia and surgery

Answer 36

<10 ml/kg/hr during first hr | 3-5 ml/kg/hr during rest of procedure

Question 37

volume overload

Answer 37

``` pulmonary edema cavity effusion peripheral edema hemorrhage compromised patients (especially cats) ``` use slower infusion rate

Question 38

overhydration

Answer 38

``` ocular nasal discharge chemosis subcutaneous edema increased lung sounds increased respiratory rate and dyspnea coughing and restlessness if awake hemodilution ```

Question 39

Fresh whole blood

Answer 39

``` contains: RBC WBC platelets all coagulation factors proteins: albumin and globulin store for up to 8 hrs ```

Question 40

stored whole blood

Answer 40

lose platlets fewer coagulation factors store up to 28 days refrigerated

Question 41

packed red blood cells

Answer 41

whole blood spun down plasma removed: RBC WBC

Question 42

why give pRBC

Answer 42

anemia trauma IMHA cancer

Question 43

plasma

Answer 43

all coagulation factors | protein: albumin, globulin

Question 44

store plasma

Answer 44

liquid-refrigerated 14 days fresh frozen-up to 1 year frozen-up to 5 years (lose coagulation)

Question 45

why give plasma

Answer 45

``` replace coagulation factors and/or proteins: rodenticide toxicity hemophilia DIC/heatstroke Von Wilebrand's Hypoproteinemia ```

Question 46

DEA 1

Answer 46

dog erythrocyte antigen | positive or negative

Question 47

DEA 4

Answer 47

most dogs have this antigen

Question 48

universal donor dogs

Answer 48

DEA 4+= best | DEA 1 negative= universal

Question 49

In house blood type testing

Answer 49

DEA | alveida

Question 50

DMS Card Type

Answer 50

less expensive | results show agglutination

Question 51

who gets what type

Answer 51

DEA -1 can donate to pos or negative DEA 1+ can only donate to positive

Question 52

Feline blood types

Answer 52

``` A=most common B=strong A antibodies AB rare no universal blood donor always type ```

Question 53

crossmatch

Answer 53

if patient has transfusion before if cannot type a cat best practice any transfusion

Question 54

pRBC transfusions | dogs

Answer 54

do not warm gravity vest for dogs: syringe or fluid pump use at least 22 gauge catheter

Question 55

pRBC transfusion cats

Answer 55

syring pump preferable use hemonate filter administer within 4 hrs

Question 56

fresh frozen plasma transfusion

Answer 56

slowly that | warm bath 30-37 degrees