Week 9 - Orthopedic Surgery

Question 1

Alloys

Answer 1

substances that are mixtures of pure metals

Question 2

Aponeurosis

Answer 2

tendinous sheet that separates muscles or attaches a muscle to bone

Question 3

Arthrodesis

Answer 3

surgical fusion of a joint

Question 4

Bioactive implant

Answer 4

orthopedic implant that releases calcium to enhance healing

Question 5

Biocompatibility

Answer 5

material that is compatible with tissue

Question 6

Biomechanics

Answer 6

relationship between movement and biological or anatomical structures

Question 7

Broaches

Answer 7

fin-shaped rasps; used to enlarge medullary canal for insertion of implant, same shape as implant

Question 8

Cannulated

Answer 8

device having a hollow core

Question 9

Casting

Answer 9

method of immobilizing a limb by the application of rigid or semirigid material along the length of the limb

Question 10

Closed reduction

Answer 10

alignment of bone fragments into anatomical position by manipulation or fraction

Question 11

Comminuted

Answer 11

fracture in which there are multiple bone fragments

Question 12

Compartment syndrome

Answer 12

extreme tissue swelling within a closed compartment of the body or closed external device

Question 13

Compression

Answer 13

mechanical force in which a structure is compacted or pressed together

Question 14

Cruciate

Answer 14

cross-shaped

Question 15

Dislocation

Answer 15

displacement of a joint from its normal position

Question 16

Distraction

Answer 16

mechanical process in which a structure is elongated

Question 17

Examination under anesthesia (EUA)

Answer 17

fracture and dislocation may be fully assessed when GA is used

Question 18

External fixation

Answer 18

method of stabilizing bone fragments in anatomical position from outside the body

Question 19

Internal fixation

Answer 19

method of surgically repairing a fracture by implanting a device that holds the bone fragments in place

Question 20

Open reduction

Answer 20

surgical access to bring bone fragments into anatomical alignment

Question 21

Orthopedic system

Answer 21

specific set of instruments and implants used for an orthopedic technique

Question 22

Press-fit

Answer 22

impact or press a joint into position

Question 23

Ream

Answer 23

enlarge a preexisting hole, depression, or channel

Question 24

Replantation

Answer 24

surgical attachement of the hand, thumb, or fingers after traumatic amputation

Question 25

Reduction

Answer 25

process of manipulating a bone structure to restore anatomical position

Question 26

Skeletal traction

Answer 26

traction device in which bone fragments are connected by pins or rods that are surgically inserted into the bone

Question 27

Traction

Answer 27

mechanical method of applying pulling force to fractured bone in order to bring the fragments into alignment

Question 28

Gauze fluffs

Answer 28

plain gauze squares that are pulled apart from the center to make them fluffy not flat

Question 29

Coban-type dressing

Answer 29

common roller bandage with superior stretching and self-sticking ability

Question 30

Burr

Answer 30

round, conical, or tapered tip used for making narrow holes or smoothing very small areas

Question 31

Chuck

Answer 31

attached to drill head and receives attachments that fits into central hole of chuck

Question 32

Depth gauge

Answer 32

small calibrated rod used to measure depth of drilled or reamed hole in bone

Question 33

Drill bit

Answer 33

pin with wide cutting threads used to make a smooth-sided hole in the bone

Question 34

Drill guide

Answer 34

drill sleeve; instrument inserted near or at the screw, pin, nail, or wire as it enters the bone

Question 35

Reamer

Answer 35

rod shaped or chisel-pointed cutter used to ream or clear the medullary canal

Question 36

Shaver

Answer 36

type of burr used mainly on cartilage for shaping and removing tissue

Question 37

Tap

Answer 37

instrument similar to a screw that is used to cut threads in the bone

Question 38

The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instruments (AAMI)

Answer 38

institutes international protocols for pt safety

Question 39

Head

Answer 39

flat or conical part of screw

Question 40

Shaft

Answer 40

long section of screw

Question 41

Thread

Answer 41

spiral-shaped ridges along the screw shaft

Question 42

Tip

Answer 42

pointed end of the screw

Question 43

Cancellous

Answer 43

large diameter and greater pitch to increase contact with bone; used mainly in dense bone

Question 44

Cortical

Answer 44

small diameter and decreased pitch; used in cortical bone

Question 45

Lag

Answer 45

all screws that exert compression on bone fragments, either directly or with a plate

Question 46

Self-tapping

Answer 46

has flutes at the tip that cut a passage for the threads as the screw is inserted

Question 47

Reconstruction plate

Answer 47

used commonly in facial and cranial fractures

Question 48

Locking plate

Answer 48

has threaded screw holes that lock the screws into the plate; prevents rocking of the screws

Question 49

Dynamic compression plate

Answer 49

has screw holes that are inclined and offset; provides reduction and compression of two fragments

Question 50

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

Answer 50

bone cement; interface between joint and implant