Week 9 Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
The nasal cavity is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label C C) Label B D) Label H E) Label A
A
E) Label A
2
Q
The right main (primary) bronchus is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label I C) Label J D) Label B E) Label F
A
A) Label H
3
Q
The trachea is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label D B) Label I C) Label B D) Label F E) Label G
A
B) Label I
4
Q
The diaphragm muscle is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label C B) Label E C) Label F D) Label G E) Label J
A
D) Label G
5
Q
The oral cavity is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label C B) Label A C) Label E D) Label B E) Label G
A
A) Label C
6
Q
The inferior lobe of the right lung is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label E B) Label J C) Label I D) Label G E) Label F
A
E) Label F
7
Q
The nostrils, or nares, are indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label C B) Label G C) Label B D) Label A E) Label F
A
C) Label B
8
Q
The apex of the right lung is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label E B) Label F C) Label H D) Label G E) Label J
A
A) Label E
9
Q
The larynx is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label G C) Label F D) Label A E) Label D
A
E) Label D
10
Q
The pharynx is indicated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Label H B) Label I C) Label J D) Label F E) Label B
A
C) Label J
11
Q
Which of the following is not a function of the mucosa lining the nasal conchae and nasal cavity?
A) Serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities
B) Warm incoming air as it flows into the nasal cavity
C) Trap incoming bacteria and debris and prevent it from reaching the lungs
D) Moisten air as it flows into the nasal cavity
A
A) Serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities
12
Q
The anterior portion of the palate that is supported by bone is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) soft palate B) glottis C) epiglottis D) hard palate
A
D) hard palate
13
Q
From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ________.
A) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx
B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
C) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
D) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx
A
B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
14
Q
Which tonsil sits at the base of the tongue? A) Lingual B) Tubal C) Pharyngeal D) Palatine
A
A) Lingual
15
Q
What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech? A) Tongue B) Pharynx C) Nasal conchae D) Larynx
A
D) Larynx
16
Q
What flap of elastic cartilage protects the superior opening of the larynx? A) Trachea B) Epiglottis C) Glottis D) Thyroid cartilage
A
B) Epiglottis
17
Q
When we swallow food or drink, what prevents the passage of these items into our larynx and lower respiratory passageways? A) Thyroid cartilage B) Epiglottis C) Glottis D) Cilia
A
B) Epiglottis
18
Q
When breathing in, air enters the larynx through an opening called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) glottis B) epiglottis C) esophagus D) thyroid cartilage
A
A) glottis
19
Q
Which tissue forms the C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea? A) Fibrocartilage B) Elastic cartilage C) Hyaline cartilage D) Compact bone
A
C) Hyaline cartilage
20
Q
The primary purpose for a tracheostomy would be to allow the patient to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) talk B) cough C) swallow D) breathe
A
D) breathe
21
Q
Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) sneeze B) cough C) speak D) hiccup
A
C) speak
22
Q
The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is created by a parietal and visceral \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) pleura B) pericardium C) peritoneum D) mediastinum
A
A) pleura
23
Q
Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea? A) Bronchioles B) Bronchi C) Alveolar ducts D) Alveolar sacs
A
B) Bronchi
24
Q
What are the smallest conducting passageways of the lungs that lead into the alveoli? A) Main (primary) bronchi B) Trachea C) Terminal bronchioles D) Alveolar ducts
A
C) Terminal bronchioles
25
```
Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
and is where gas exchange occurs?
A) Respiratory zone
B) Conducting zone
C) Terminal zone
D) Filtering zone
```
A) Respiratory zone
26
```
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or ________.
A) cellular respiration
B) internal respiration
C) respiratory gas transport
D) pulmonary ventilation
```
D) pulmonary ventilation
27
```
Which two variables dictate the mechanics of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)?
A) Temperature and volume
B) Pressure and volume
C) Diffusion and osmosis
D) Pressure and temperature
```
B) Pressure and volume
28
```
Which inspiratory muscles contract so we can inspire air?
A) Rectus abdominis; external obliques
B) Diaphragm; external intercostals
C) Trapezius; latissimus dorsi
D) Diaphragm; external obliques
```
B) Diaphragm; external intercostals
29
In order to expire air, which of the following must occur?
A) Intrapulmonary pressure and atmospheric pressure equalize.
B) Atmospheric pressure rises higher than intrapulmonary pressure.
C) Intrapulmonary pressure drops lower than atmospheric pressure.
D) Intrapulmonary volume decreases as the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relax and return
to their resting positions.
D) Intrapulmonary volume decreases as the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relax and return
to their resting positions.
30
```
________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing
and is approximately 500 ml of air.
A) Tidal
B) Expiratory reserve
C) Residual
D) Inspiratory reserve
```
A) Tidal
31
```
Which of the following respiratory volumes is the largest?
A) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
B) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
C) Tidal volume (TV)
D) Vital capacity (VC)
```
D) Vital capacity (VC)
32
```
What nonrespiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli?
A) Cough
B) Hiccup
C) Yawn
D) Sneeze
```
C) Yawn
33
```
In the pulmonary circuit, which gas diffuses from the blood of the pulmonary capillaries into
the alveoli to be exhaled?
A) Nitrous oxide
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Carbon monoxide
```
C) Carbon dioxide
34
```
What is the most common transport method for carbon dioxide?
A) Oxyhemoglobin
B) Deoxyhemoglobin
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Bicarbonate ions
```
D) Bicarbonate ions
35
```
The normal respiratory rate of 12–15 breaths per minute is known as ________.
A) hyperpnea
B) eupnea
C) dyspnea
D) apnea
```
B) eupnea
36
```
What portions of the brain contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate?
A) Medulla and pons
B) Pons and cerebellum
C) Cerebrum and cerebellum
D) Thalamus and hypothalamus
```
A) Medulla and pons
37
```
The regulation of the activity of the breathing muscles, the diaphragm and external intercostals, is controlled by nerve impulses transmitted from the brain via the ________ and ________ nerves.
A) splanchnic; sacral
B) trochlear; trigeminal
C) phrenic; intercostal
D) cranial; spinal
```
C) phrenic; intercostal
38
```
The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself
of the blood gas called ________.
A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
C) methane
D) nitrous oxide
```
A) carbon dioxide
39
```
When we exercise, carbon dioxide levels increase in our blood, which leads to a decrease in blood pH. How will the respiratory system respond to restore carbon dioxide and blood pH levels to normal?
A) Hypoventilation
B) Hyperventilation
C) Apnea
D) Dyspnea
```
B) Hyperventilation
40
What fatty molecule is made by cuboidal-shaped cells in the epithelium of the alveoli to
reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse between breaths?
A) Sebum
B) Surfactant
C) Nicotine
D) Mucus
B) Surfactant
41
```
Which organ or structure belongs to the lower respiratory tract?
A) Nose
B) Pharynx
C) Larynx
D) Trachea
E) Nasal cavity
```
D) Trachea
42
```
The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions except________.
A) allow air to reach the lungs
B) purify air
C) humidify air
D) exchange gases
E) warm incoming air
```
D) exchange gases
43
```
What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?
A) Tonsils
B) Flagella
C) Cilia
D) Coarse hairs
E) Air turbulence
```
C) Cilia
44
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?
A) Increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity
B) Separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
C) Lighten the skull
D) Act as a resonance chamber for speech
E) Trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
E) Trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
45
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by ________.
A) the pharynx
B) the nasal conchae
C) the larynx
D) both the hard and soft palate
E) both the nasal conchae and hard palate
D) both the hard and soft palate
46
```
Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?
A) Frontal
B) Sphenoid
C) Mandible
D) Ethmoid
E) Maxilla
```
C) Mandible
47
What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?
A) Tonsils produce mucus, which drains into the nasal cavities.
B) Tonsils humidify and warm incoming air.
C) Tonsils moisten the air entering the respiratory passageways.
D) Tonsils protect the body from infection.
E) Tonsils sweep contaminated mucus toward the throat.
D) Tonsils protect the body from infection.
48
```
Which region of the throat houses the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)?
A) Nasopharynx
B) Oropharynx
C) Palatopharynx
D) Laryngopharynx
E) Tracheopharynx
```
A) Nasopharynx
49
```
The pharyngotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ________.
A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) palatopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) tracheopharynx
```
A) nasopharynx
50
The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________.
A) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
B) nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
C) nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, main (primary) bronchi
D) nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, main (primary) bronchi
E) nose, pharynx, larynx, main (primary) bronchi, trachea
A) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
51
In rare cases of vocal cord paralysis, the vocal cords will not be able to move. This can impair ________.
A) speaking and breathing
B) the ability to smell
C) the ability to taste
D) the action of cilia in the nasal cavity
E) the sneeze reflex
A) speaking and breathing
52
Smoking destroys cilia in the respiratory passageways, such as the trachea. Which of the following is a likely consequence of damaged cilia?
A) Inflammation and swelling of the tonsils
B) Air is not moistened, warmed, or filtered before reaching the lungs
C) Inability to propel mucus from the lungs to the throat
D) Nasal congestion and postnasal drip
E) Inability to produce mucus
C) Inability to propel mucus from the lungs to the throat
53
How do goblet cells, present in the lining of the trachea, contribute to the protection of the respiratory system?
A) Goblet cells create a sweeping motion that propels mucus toward the throat.
B) Goblet cells create a patent airway.
C) Goblet cells protect the superior opening of the larynx by preventing the entry of food and
fluids into the larynx.
D) Goblet cells produce mucus that traps dust particles and other debris.
E) Goblet cells vibrate to allow us to speak.
D) Goblet cells produce mucus that traps dust particles and other debris.
54
```
Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the ________.
A) trachea
B) larynx
C) pharynx
D) glottis
E) epiglottis
```
B) larynx
55
```
The superior portion of each lung is the ________.
A) pleura
B) base
C) apex
D) mediastinum
E) fissure
```
C) apex
56
```
A needle piercing into the thorax to perform a lung biopsy would travel first through the ________.
A) parietal pleura
B) visceral pleura
C) visceral pericardium
D) alveoli
E) parietal pericardium
```
A) parietal pleura
57
Which one of the following is not true of the lungs?
A) The narrower portion of each lung is called the apex.
B) The bases rest on the diaphragm.
C) The left lung has two lobes.
D) The right lung has three lobes.
E) Both lungs have two lobes.
E) Both lungs have two lobes.
58
What is the function of an alveolar macrophage?
A) Secrete mucus
B) Facilitate gas exchange
C) Produce surfactant
D) Engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris
E) Sweep contaminated mucus and debris from the alveoli
D) Engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris
59
```
Which of the following is part of the conducting zone?
A) Respiratory bronchioles
B) Alveolar ducts
C) Alveolar sacs
D) Alveoli
E) Primary bronchus
```
E) Primary bronchus
60
```
Which of the following is not one of the four main events of respiration?
A) Pulmonary ventilation
B) Respiratory gas transport
C) Residual volume
D) External respiration
E) Internal respiration
```
C) Residual volume
61
```
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ________.
A) osmosis
B) simple diffusion
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) endocytosis
```
B) simple diffusion
62
What forms the respiratory membrane (air-blood barrier)?
A) Respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
B) Terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
C) Systemic capillaries and cells of the body
D) The visceral and parietal pleura
E) The fused basement membranes of alveolar and pulmonary capillary walls
E) The fused basement membranes of alveolar and pulmonary capillary walls
63
The major function of the respiratory system is to ________.
A) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body
B) transport escaped fluids back to the cardiovascular system
C) circulate oxygen-rich blood around the body
D) supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
E) perform a gas exchange between the blood and the cells of the body
D) supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
64
Which one of the following is not true of inspiration?
A) Contraction of the diaphragm muscle helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity.
B) Relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity.
C) Increased intrapulmonary volume causes inhaled gases to spread out.
D) The decreased gas pressure produces a partial vacuum that forcibly sucks air in.
E) Air continues to move into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric
pressure.
B) Relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity.
65
Expiration (exhalation) occurs when ________.
A) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
B) air moves into the lungs
C) intrapulmonary volume increases
D) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
E) intrapulmonary pressure decreases
D) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
66
```
Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?
A) Coughing
B) Yawning
C) Laughing
D) Hiccupping
E) Sneezing
```
E) Sneezing
67
Harry prepares to take a dive to the bottom of the pool to pick up a toy. What must happen for him to take a deep breath of air?
A) The intrapulmonary volume in the lungs decreases.
B) The abdominal muscles contract.
C) The intrapulmonary pressure inside the lungs increases.
D) The diaphragm moves superiorly, becoming elevated and dome-shaped.
E) Both the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.
E) Both the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.
68
```
The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the ________.
A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) expiratory reserve volume
D) vital capacity
E) dead space volume
```
D) vital capacity
69
```
Even after a forceful expiration, air still remains in the lungs for gas exchange to continue.
This volume is about ________.
A) 500 ml
B) 1,200 ml
C) 2,100 ml
D) 4,800 ml
E) 6,000 ml
```
B) 1,200 ml
70
```
The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ________.
A) 500 ml
B) 1,200 ml
C) 2,100 ml
D) 4,800 ml
E) 6,000 ml
```
A) 500 ml
71
```
Oxygen diffuses from the blood stream into surrounding cells and tissues during ________.
A) internal respiration
B) pulmonary ventilation
C) external respiration
D) respiratory gas transport
E) tidal volume
```
A) internal respiration
72
```
Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood as ________.
A) bicarbonate ion
B) oxyhemoglobin
C) carbonic acid
D) deoxyhemoglobin
E) carbonic anhydrase
```
B) oxyhemoglobin
73
```
Which nerves stimulate the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract?
A) Splanchnic nerves
B) Somatic nerves
C) Phrenic and intercostal nerves
D) Vagus nerves
E) Myenteric nerves
```
C) Phrenic and intercostal nerves
74
```
When Jamie fell, she hit her head and damaged her respiratory center. She began to hypoventilate. Which part(s) of her brain sustained injury?
A) Thalamus
B) Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
C) Medulla oblongata and pons
D) Cerebellum
E) Midbrain
```
C) Medulla oblongata and pons
75
```
Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves ________.
A) extremely deep breathing
B) extremely fast breathing
C) extremely slow breathing
D) intermittent breathing
E) irregular breathing
```
C) extremely slow breathing
76
Which of the following houses neurons that ultimately stimulate the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to initiate inspiration?
A) Dorsal respiratory group (DRG) of the medulla oblongata
B) Arbor vitae of the cerebellum
C) Ventral respiratory group (VRG) of the medulla oblongata
D) Pons respiratory centers
E) Corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain
C) Ventral respiratory group (VRG) of the medulla oblongata
77
Five-year-old Josiah is mad at his mother and is holding his breath. His body will eventually force him to breathe again due to ________.
A) increased oxygen levels in the blood
B) increased blood pH
C) increased carbon dioxide blood levels and decreased blood pH
D) increased electrolyte concentration in the blood
E) decreased carbon dioxide blood levels
C) increased carbon dioxide blood levels and decreased blood pH
78
```
Which of these disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs?
A) Asthma
B) Emphysema
C) Tuberculosis
D) Pneumonia
E) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
```
B) Emphysema
79
Which one of the following is not true of lung cancer?
A) Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.
B) Lung cancer slows down the movement of cilia.
C) Lung cancer only occurs in smokers.
D) Lung cancer is aggressive.
E) Lung cancers often metastasize rapidly and widely.
C) Lung cancer only occurs in smokers.
80
Helene started coughing when her epiglottis did not close completely while swallowing her
drink. Later, she commented the drink went down the "wrong pipe." Given your knowledge of
the anatomy of the respiratory system, deduce where the drink traveled.
A) Esophagus
B) Nasal cavity
C) Larynx
D) Pharynx
E) Oral cavity
C) Larynx
81
TRUE OR FALSE
| Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa in the nasal cavity.
TRUE
82
TRUE OR FALSE
| The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the nasal conchae.
FALSE
83
TRUE OR FALSE
| sinuses warm, cleanse, and humidify air entering the nasal cavity.
FALSE
84
TRUE OR FALSE
| The tubal tonsils protect the openings of the pharyngotympanic tubes in the nasopharynx.
TRUE
85
TRUE OR FALSE
| The opening between the vocal cords is known as the epiglottis.
FALSE
86
TRUE OR FALSE
The larynx routes air and food into their proper channel and plays an important role in
speech production.
TRUE
87
TRUE OR FALSE
| Cilia lining the trachea propel mucus toward the lungs.
FALSE
88
TRUE OR FALSE
The function of the C-rings of hyaline cartilage in the trachea is to keep the airway patent or
open for breathing.
TRUE
89
TRUE OR FALSE
The Heimlich maneuver is a procedure in which air in a person's own lungs is used to eject
an obstructing piece of food.
TRUE
90
```
TRUE OR FALSE
Each main (primary) bronchus enters the lung at the apex.
```
FALSE
91
TRUE OR FALSE
The parietal pleurae cover the surface of each lung while the visceral pleurae line the wall of
the thoracic cavity.
FALSE
92
TRUE OR FALSE
| The bronchioles are the smallest of the conducting passageways in the lungs.
TRUE
93
TRUE OR FALSE
| The respiratory zone is the only site of gas exchange within the lungs.
TRUE
94
TRUE OR FALSE
| The respiratory membrane is the air-blood barrier, where gases are exchanged.
TRUE
95
TRUE OR FALSE
Alveolar macrophages patrol the alveoli to engulf and remove bacteria, carbon particles, and
other debris.
TRUE
96
TRUE OR FALSE
| Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide to produce ATP and oxygen.
FALSE
97
TRUE OR FALSE
| Both inspiration and expiration are active processes requiring muscle contractions.
FALSE
98
TRUE OR FALSE
Expiration occurs when the thoracic and intrapulmonary volumes decrease and the
intrapulmonary pressure increases.
TRUE
99
TRUE OR FALSE
| The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond a tidal expiration is around 1,200 ml.
TRUE
100
TRUE OR FALSE
| Normal quiet breathing, known as tidal volume, is around 500 ml of air.
TRUE
101
TRUE OR FALSE
Laughing and crying similarly involve inspiration followed by a release of air in a number
of short expirations.
TRUE
102
TRUE OR FALSE
Bronchial sounds are produced as air fills the alveoli of the lungs while vesicular breathing
sounds are produced by air rushing through the large respiratory passageways of the trachea and
bronchi.
FALSE
103
TRUE OR FALSE
| Wheezing is a whistling sound associated with diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus.
TRUE
104
TRUE OR FALSE
| The loading of carbon dioxide into the blood occurs during external respiration.
FALSE
105
TRUE OR FALSE
People who experience hypoxia produce characteristic signs of cyanosis and respiratory
distress.
TRUE
106
TRUE OR FALSE
| Venous blood in systemic circulation is poorer in oxygen and richer in carbon dioxide.
TRUE
107
TRUE OR FALSE
| results from exercise when breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous.
TRUE
108
TRUE OR FALSE
prevents lung collapse since it lowers surface tension of the film of water lining
each alveolar air sac.
TRUE
109
TRUE OR FALSE
Changes in oxygen levels in the blood are the most important stimuli for breathing in a
healthy person
FALSE
