Week 9 - Social Cure Flashcards
(33 cards)
What negative health outcomes are reduced by community integration? (x6)
Colds Heart attacks Strokes Cancer Depression Premature death of all sorts
What evidence supports the large effect size of joining groups? (x2)
Belong to no groups, but join one, cut risk of dying in next year in half
Toss up statistically whether to quit smoking or start joining
What are five factors of the Social Cure?
Social determinants of health and well-being
Self-categorisation and health
Connectedness, social identification and health
Multiple group memberships and health
Socia cure interventions - fostering group life and health
What is the epidemiology of the mental health burden in Australian society? (x6)
20% of Australians in any 12 month period Leading cause of disability Most common are: Posttraumatic stress disorder 6.4% Major depressive disorder 6.2% Substance abuse 5.1%
Give three examples of biological factors in the biopsychological model of health and functioning
Family history
Genetic mutations
Brain chemistry - neurotransmitters
Give three examples of individual difference factors in the biopsychological model of health and functioning
Cognitive style
Personality
Life stressors
Give three examples of sociocultural factors in the biopsychological model of health and functioning
Nationality
Age group
Profession
What is missing from the biopsychological model of health and malfunctioning? (x1)
At what level of analysis? (x2)
Group processes
After sociocultural factors
Preceding individual differences
How are social identities unique among levels of the biopsychological model of health and malfunctioning? (x2)
They sit at the interplay of macro- and micro-level factors
ie, can explain both
What advantages does a social/group identity approach offer over biomedical approaches to health? (x5)
Can provide solutions that: are more cost-effective are less stigmatizing allow for better access to treatment enhance compliance (while reducing relapse) are based on increasing body of evidence
What is the outcome of living, and evolving to function, in social groups? (x2)
Substantial part of our self/identity (who we think we are) derives from those group memberships — our sense of social identity
ie points of similarity and difference with others help define ourselves
Incorporating principles from social identity theory and self-categorisation theory, the social identity approach holds the self to be… (x2)
A context-dependent category
That can be defined at different levels of abstraction
Describe the main premises of the social identity approach (x7)
To extent that self is defined by group membership, behaviour is shaped by perspective/interests of that ingroup
Qualitative difference between behaviour that is based on personal and social identity
To extent that social identity is salient, perceptions align with ingroup,
And reciprocal influences present.
Accentuation and assimilation =
Us/them dynamics
Social identities have intra- and intergroup elements
What five conclusions (outlined in the Social Cure) support the key role of social identity in health and well-being?
Is a determinant of symptom appraisals and responses Health-related norms and behaviour, And clinical outcomes Is a basis for social support And coping resource
What three questions are addressed by self-categorisation theory?
When do we define ourselves as group members rather than as individuals?
What determines which group memberships define our sense of self in any given context?
What are the consequences of self-definition in group-based terms?
What two findings of Levine and Reicher (1996) suggest that the social identity that defines my sense of self determines what a given symptom means and what I do about it?
Female PE students perceive facial scar to be more serious than knee injury (and are more likely to seek medical advice) if define themselves as women vs sports people
But see knee injury as more serious if define themselves as sports people vs women
Describe the Transactional Model of Stress (Lazarus and Folkman 1984) (x4)
Points to importance of perceptions and interpretation
Suggests stress depends on appraisal of stressors
Primary appraisal: Is this stressful? Depends on construal
Secondary appraisal: Can I cope? Depends on resources (e.g., support)
Despite being influential, what is missing from transactional approaches to stress? (x3)
Indicating that there is a need for… (x1)
Social dimensions, ie
Primary appraisal not just dependant on info (sometimes info has ‘boomerang’ effects — e.g., ‘don’t panic!’)
Secondary appraisal not just dependant on support (sometimes support has no/negative impact)
A more social psychological theory
What hypotheses regarding stress appraisal arise from the social identity approach? (x5 points, x3 hypotheses)
When shared social identity is salient, should impact on primary and secondary appraisal
Primary: Is this stressful?
To extent that social identity is salient, appraisal determined by implications for group rather than self
Secondary appraisal: Is it possible to cope?
To extent that social identity is salient, appraisal determined by resources and condition of the group (and its capacity to provide support) rather than self
What was involved in Haslam, Jetten, O’Brien, & Jacobs (2004) experiment into whether self-categorisation affected stress appraisals? (x4)
Finding? (x2)
Modification of classic transactional study
Students told that maths task is challenging or stressful
By person described as ingroup (fellow student), or outgroup member (stress sufferer)
Measured self-reported stress during task
Similar levels when told by outgroup member
But higher for stressful message by ingroup
and lower for challenging.
What was measured in Haslam, O’Brien, Jetten, Vormedal, & Penna (2005) quasi-experimental study into whether self-categorisation affect stress appraisals? (x1)
Finding? (x2)
Perceived stressfulness of work of bar staff and bomb disposal officers, by those groups
Bar staff thought bar work pretty stressful, but bomb work twice so
Bomb workers saw bar work as roughly same stress, but bomb work half so
What evidence suggests that social group membership as an ‘oldie’ can have negative effects? (x3)
When one’s old age, or memory component of task is salient, memory performance declines
Effects of underperformance linger long after people have left a negatively stereotyped environment
Underperformance can lead to misdiagnosis with significant negative consequences
What was involved in Haslam, Morton, & Haslam, Varnes (2012) study of age-related self-categorisation (x5)
Adults 60-70 yo
No significant trauma, illness, mood disturbance, or progressive condition
Baseline Test of Cognitive performance - similar in all conditions
2 x 2: Self-Categorisation - younger vs. older person, and beliefs about cognitive effects of ageing - general abilities vs. specific (memory)
Measured WMS-III Memory for stories, and ACE-R dementia screener
What were the findings in Haslam, Morton, Haslam, Varnes (2012) study of age-related self-categorisation (x6)
Self-categorisation and the identity content both matter
Memory similar in younger conditions,
But reduced in older, and by half again for specific memory condition
General ability the same in younger conditions (none meet dementia criteria),
But reduced in olders (14% meet criteria),
And by half again in general condition (72% meet criteria)
