Week 9 - Statistical Thinking & The Future Of Psych Research Flashcards
WEIRD means:
Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic
Essentially, there is a tendency for unskilled people to overestimate their competence. This is known as the ____ effect
Dunning-Kruger effect
The dunning -Kruger effect is auto correlation
True or false
True
Auto correlation is:
Autocorrelation occurs when you correlate a variable with itself.
Cognitive psychologist from Cambridge uni, Conrad and Baddley designed what…
they took into account….
UK postcode system
They designed an alphanumeric coded consisting of 6-7 letter-number combos, separated by a space.
They took into account working memory constraints (not more than 7 or 8 items) digit span
A study has been run on eating behaviours and body image. Participants were n=1000 1st year university students in Melbourne, Australia. Eligibility criteria included: 18-40 years of age, English as 1st language, and no history of disordered eating. It was reported that those with more variable eating behaviours across a week had significantly poorer body image, with a medium effect size. What can we say about this effect?
a.
It appears in biased sample (young adult, highly educated, with English language background) but will likely generalise given the medium effect size
b.
It is a strong and impressive effect
c.
It appears in biased sample (young adult, highly educated, with English language background) and may not generalise to more diverse samples
d.
It appears in a relatively unbiased sample and will likely generalise to the general population
(c)
It appears in biased sample (young adult, highly educated, with English language background) and may not generalise to more diverse samples
You are writing a psychological research report. What is not a Method sub-section heading?
a.
Statistical Approach
b.
Measures
c.
Conclusion
d.
Participants
c.
Conclusion
A study on gambling behaviours was carried out in a laboratory setting. They reported that in a sample of n=80 middle-aged adults, that those with poorer impulse control took more risks on the gambling task, a statistically significant effect with a small effect size. What would be a correct interpretation of this finding?
a.
It’s important as it’s statistically significant
b.
There is a relationship between poor impulse control and riskier gambling in a laboratory setting, but this is only a small effect outside the lab
c.
We can’t say much given the small effect size
d.
There is a small relationship between poor impulse control and riskier gambling in a laboratory setting, but we do not know if this generalises outside the lab
d.
There is a small relationship between poor impulse control and riskier gambling in a laboratory setting, but we do not know if this generalises outside the lab
We find a statistically significant correlation, with a medium effect size, between self-efficacy and academic achievement. Data were collected using a cross-sectional approach in a large sample of university students (n=5000). How can we interpret this effect?
a.
Academic achievement causes changes in self-efficacy
b.
Self-efficacy causes changes in academic achievement
c.
The relationship would be more important if there was a strong effect size
d.
Self-efficacy and academic achievement are related
d.
Self-efficacy and academic achievement are related
A researcher is interviewed on ABC News. They say that they have developed a new psychological therapy for depression. They found a statistically significant difference between their new psychological therapy and standard care, in a group of adults with a new diagnosis of depression. It prompts you to access and read the peer-reviewed paper where this trial is reported. What statistic should you look for to understand how impactful this new psychological therapy is?
a.
t-statistic (between-groups)
b.
Effect size
c.
p value
d.
Alpha value
b.
Effect size
We run two independent samples t-tests, comparing different types of reading interventions for students in years 1-3. For each, the DV is reading fluency. The first t-test has a p value of .003, and the second has a p value of .047. What can we say about the strength of effects?
a.
Nothing, as p values are not measures of effect size
b.
The second t-test has a stronger effect than the first
c.
The first has a strong effect and the second has a weak effect
d.
The first t-test has a stronger effect than the second
a.
Nothing, as p values are not measures of effect size
Two researchers run the same study design in two different locations: Streaky Bay and Port Pirie. The study involves measuring fruit and vegetable consumption and its associations with cognitive function in older people; they use the same measures and protocol. The researcher in Streaky Bay recruits 62 participants and the researcher in Port Pirie recruits 201 participants. Each researcher analyses their own sample. What would be correct to say?
a.
They have the sample statistical power, as they use the same protocol
b.
The Streaky Bay sample will have more statistical power than the Port Pirie sample
c.
They have the sample statistical power, as they use the same measures
d.
The Port Pirie sample will have more statistical power than the Streaky Bay sample
d.
The Port Pirie sample will have more statistical power than the Streaky Bay sample
A researcher is aiming to investigate the experiences of refugees from Syria, Venezuela and Afghanistan living in Australia. The researcher wants to capture a diverse sample of experiences and backgrounds. They employ a qualitative approach, conducting interviews with each participant. The researcher can only speak English. What will be a critical consideration?
a.
That all participants use English, so the researcher can understand
b.
Ensuring translators are present at interviews, if required, so participants can voice their opinions in the language they feel most comfortable using
c.
That all advertisements are in English
d.
That in advertisements, it is stated that participants must be proficient in English
b.
Ensuring translators are present at interviews, if required, so participants can voice their opinions in the language they feel most comfortable using
A good experimental research design does what?
a.
Includes multiple measures of each IV and DV
b.
Guarantees a p value <.05
c.
Sets a conservative alpha value
d.
Minimises plausible alternative explanations
d.
Minimises plausible alternative explanations
