week one Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
pathopharmacology
A
study of biological effects of drugs introduced to the body that cause some sort of change
2
Q
pharmacodynamics
A
mechanism of action or affect on the body
3
Q
chemical name of drug
A
long, used for research
4
Q
generic name
A
official name, lowercase
5
Q
trade name
A
brand, easier to remember
6
Q
prototype
A
model drug that others in its class are compared to
7
Q
therapeutic drug effect
A
intended effect of a drug
8
Q
drug side effects
A
unintended, unavoidable
9
Q
drug toxicities
A
harmful drug effects
10
Q
adverse drug rxn
A
unexpected or dangerous
11
Q
allergic reaction
A
unexpected and involves the immune system
12
Q
preclinical trial
A
lab animals to test for therapeutic/adverse effects
13
Q
Phase I drug study
A
human volunteers
14
Q
Phase II study
A
tested on pt with the disease
15
Q
Phase III study
A
clinical market with close observation
16
Q
Phase IV studies
A
continued monitoring by FDA
17
Q
Schedule I drug
A
no medical use, heroin
18
Q
schedule II drug
A
medical use with high abuse potential
19
Q
Schedule III drug
A
less abuse potential, testosterone
20
Q
Schedule IV
A
Some abuse potential, xanax
21
Q
schedule V
A
low abuse, cough suppressant w codeine
22
Q
dietary supplement restriction
A
only allowed to claim effect on body structure, NOT treatment
23
Q
herbal med interactions
A
increase toxicity or reduce therapy
24
Q
teratogen
A
causes congenital malformations
25
FDA pregnancy risk A
safe for fetus
26
pregnancy risk category B
not enough studies to decide
27
pregnancy risk C
animal studies show potential harm
28
Fda pregnancy risk level D
possible fetal risk
29
pregnancy risk x
known risk, outweigh any benefits
30
pharmacogenomics
how genes effect our response to drugs
31
pathophysiology
study of disease and injury
32
pathology
study of cells and tissues
33
disease overview
disruption in homeostasis physical, mental, or social
34
intrinsic disease factors
genes, immunity, age, gender
35
extrinsic disease factors
bacteria, behavior, injury, fungi, stress, virus
36
steps in disease process
identification, occurrence, diagnosis, etiology, prognosis
37
disease stages
exposure, onset, remission, convalescence
38
insidious
slowly progressing
39
latent
inactive but able to return
40
prodromal
symptoms before full disease
41
idiopathic disease
cause is unknown, only theories
42
latrogenic disease
from health procedure or some type of medical cause
43
exacerbation
worsening of disease
44
hypo
under
45
hyper
more
46
penia
lack of
47
cytosis
increase in cells
48
osis
process or condition
49
itis
inflammation
50
pathy
disease or suffering
51
overview pharmaceutic phase
dissolution
52
pharmacokinetic phase overview and steps
drug moving through body and what body does to drug
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
53
pharmacodynamic phase overview
what the drug does to body (MOA)
54
first pass effect
metabolism of drug before systemic circulation
55
enteral absorption
via GI tract in some way
56
Enteric coated meds
intended to break down small intestine
57
SL, buccal, rectal
no first pass effect
58
parenteral
subq, IM, Iv, etc, fastest, no first pass effect
59
transdermal route
application to surfaces, no first pass
60
distribution phase
movement of drug through the body
61
blood brain barrier
cells in capillary walls that have very tight junctions, drugs must be lipid soluble or have transport system to cross
62
metabolism part of pharmacokinetic phase
method by which drugs are inactivated into a metabolite
liver is the major site, can be excreted by kidneys
63
CYP 450
isoenyme that metabolizes drugs
64
CYP 450 substrate
drug uses it for metabolism
65
CYP 450 inducer
speeds up metabolism
66
CYP 450 inhibitor
slows metabolism
67
excretion phase of pharmacokinetic phase
elimination of drug from the body, only hydrophilic drugs are excreted effectively
68
kidney lbs
BUN, creatinine, GFR
69
half life
time it takes for concentration to decrease by one half, 4-5 half lives for steady state
70
goal of around the clock dosing
maintain 50% concentration
71
onset
time it takes for drug to elicit therapeutic response
72
peak
time it takes for drug to reach max therapeutic response
73
duration
time drug concentration is sufficient to elicit effect
74
pharmacodynamic receptors
chemicals interact with drugs to produce effect
75
agonist
stimulates/activates
initiates therapeutic effect
76
antagonist
inhibits/ blocks other chemicals
77
receptorless activation
through chemical or physical interactions with small molecules
78
narrow therapeutic index
small window of target range
79
black box
very dangerous
80
high alert meds
insulin, heparin, opiod, potassium chloride, neuromuscular blocking, chemo
81
additive drug effect
2 drugs with similar MOA
82
synergism
different moa, but result in combined drug effect greater of one alone
83
activation interaction that increases
activates drug metabolizing enzyme in liver and decreases metabolism
84
displacement
moves one drug from plasma protein binding sites via second drug, increases effect
85
antidote
antagonize toxicity
86
consequences of hepatic changes in older adults
metabolized more slowly
87
consequences of cardiac changes in older adults
bad circulation
88
consequence of GI change in older adults
decreased absorption
89
consequences of renal changes in old adults
drugs are excreted less completely
90
inflammation
occurs with cell injury, protective mechanism that begins healing
91
inflammation process
injury, vasodilation, leukocyte recruitment
phagocytosis
92
serous exudate
watery, mild
93
serosanguineous exudate
pink tinged fluid, small amount of rbc
94
purulent exudate
sever inflammation with bacterial infection
95
hemorrhagic exudate
lots of rbc, most severe
96
cytokines lead to
fever, neutrophils, lethargy, muscle catabolism
97
major histocompatibility complex
cluster of genes that make proteins. go on cell surfaces to identify self
98
specific adaptive immunity
recognizes foreign invaders and destroys
b and t cells
99
humoral immunity
b cells, memory cells and plasma cells
100
passive immunity
transfer of plasma with antibodies to someone without them
mother of fetus
injection of antibodies
101
active immunity
protected state due to body response
vaccine
102
traditional vaccine
inactivated or killes
103
attenuated
weakened organisms
104
toxoids
inactivated toxins
105
conjugate vaccine
protein attached to disease causing organism to stimulate response
106
normal urinalysis pH
5.0-9.0
107
atrophy
shrinking in cell size
108
physiologic atrophy
development issue
109
pathologic atrophy
related to change in environmental conditions
110
hypertrophy
increase in size of cell
111
hyperplasia
increase in cell number, pathologic consistent with cancer
112
dysplasia
abnormal change in size and shape of cells. associated with cancer but is not cancer
113
metaplasia
replacement of one cell type to another
114
neoplasia
cell growth is not responding to normal regulatory processes
115
necrosis
irreversible, swelling and burst of cell
116
gangrene
dead tissue breeds bacteria
