Week One Flashcards by Madison Olsen

Genetic transformation

Bacteria absorb DNA from left over DNA on spare surfaces

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Bacterial conjugation

Send information from one bacteria to another

Used for developing immunity

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Bacterial transduction

Pick up bacteria from one cell and pass it on to another

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Transposons ‘Jumping Genes’

DNA jumps from one cell to another

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Bacterial shapes

1) Bacili
2) Cocci
3) Spirili

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Two cocci

Diplococci

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Strand of cocci

Streptococci

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Bunch of cocci

Staphylococci

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One bacillus

Single bacilus

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Two bacillus

Diplobacillus

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Stand of bacillus

Streptobacillus

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Short rod of bacillus

Coccobacillus

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One spiral

Vibrio

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Short spiral

Spirillum

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Long spirili

Spirochete

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Gram positive colour

Purple

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Gram negative colour

Pink

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Gram positive

Easy to kill
Thicker peptidoglycan
Teichoic acids

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Gram negative

Harder to kill
Thinner peptidoglycan
Lipid rich membrane layers

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Thermophile

Unusual bacteria

Optimal growth between 45-122 degrees

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Mesophile

Unusual bacteria

Optimal growth between 20-45 degrees

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Psychrophiles

Unusual bacteria

Optimal growth between -15-10 degrees

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Mycoplasmas

Unusual bacteria
No cell wall
Smallest living organisms

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Rickettsia

Unusual bacteria 
Must be inside the cell
Cocci or threads
Non-motile
Have leaky cell walls

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Chlamydia

Unusual bacteria Must be inside the cell Sexually transmitted

Chlamydia scientific name

Chlamydia Trachomatis

Complicated Chlamydia scientific name

LGV - Lymphogranuloma venereum

Meningococcal disease scientific name

Neisseria meningitidis

Pharyngitis scientific name

Streptococcus pyogenes

Pneumonia scientific name

Legionella pneumophila

Whooping cough scientific name

Bordetella pertussis

Prokaryotic example

Bacteria

Eukaryotic example

Fungi (yeast, mould) | Protozoa

Prokaryotic nucleus and DNA

Nucleoid and plasmid One chromosome and extra DNA Cell wall and slime layer and capsule

Prokaryotic extensions

Pili - anchor | Flagella - Mobility

Prokaryotic organelles

Not complex - ribosomes

Prokaryotic reproduction

Asexual - binary fission

Eukaryotic nucleus and DNA

DNA and RNA Protozona - cell membrane Fungi - cell membrane and cell wall (chitin)

Eukaryotic extensions

Flagella - Mobility | Cilia - Movement

Eukaryotic organelles

Complex

Eukaryotic reproduction

Asexual and sexual | Won't grow on agar

Virus

Not alive and requires host to reproduce DNA or RNA with protein cover Acellular, wont grow on agar

Protozoa

Diverse single celled eukaryotes

Amoeba

Extensions that contract to move protozoa

Sporozoa

Non-motile

Malaria scientific name

P. falciparum

Giardiasis scientific name

Giardia lamblia

Obligate intracellular parasites

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Type of virus infecting prokaryote

Bacteriophage

Type of virus infecting eukaryotic

Influenza

Viruses that infect bacteria

Bacteriophages or phages

Virulent phages

Lyse host cells after producing new phages

Temperate phages

Do not lyse the host cell

Lifecycle of viruses

1) Attachment 2) Penetration and uncoating 3) mRNA synthesis 4) Protein synthesis

Scientific names

All but viruses are italicised

Fungi unicellular reproduction

Yeast | Asexual reproduction - Budding

Fungi multicellular reproduction

Mould | Asexual or sexual reproduction

Branches of fungi

``` Chytrids - Yeast Common moulds - Bread mould Sac Fungi - Morels and truffles, yeast Club Fungi - Mushrooms Imperfect Fungi - Penicillium ```

Diseases caused by fungi are called

Mycoses

Candidiasis/thrush scientific name

Candida albicans

Dermatophytes (filamentous fungi) cause

Dermatomycosis

Filamentous fungi species include

Microsporum, Epidermophytom and Trihophyton

Fungal causes of Pneumonia and LRTI

``` Aspergillus spp Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gatti Histoplasma capsulatum Pneumocystis jirovecii Coccidioides immitis ```

Paronychia and onychomycois caused by

Candida albicans

Tinea corporis (ringworm of the forearm) scientific name

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Anti fungal agents

Micazole Ketoconazole Nystatin Amphotericin B

Human viral pathogens include

Influenza, Herpes and Ebola

Protozoal diseases include

Trichomoniasis, Malaria, Giardia and Cryptosporidiosis

Fungi

Are diverse eukaryotes with a large range of sizes

Protozoa

Are large compared to bacteria

Mycoses include

Candidiasis, ring worm (tinea) and pneumocystis

People most often compromised are

The immunocompromised

Week One Flashcards

(72 cards)