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Advanced Nursing > Week One: Basic Monitoring > Flashcards

Week One: Basic Monitoring Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

CHF will always result in what?

A

Rapid respiratory rate

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2
Q

Continuous monitoring includes what?

A

Observation, palpation, auscultation, basic nursing practices (bathing, toileting)

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3
Q

What is coondog paralysis?

A

When a dog (usually hunting dogs) get bit by a raccoon and get “paralyzed” for about two weeks

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4
Q

What should you monitor when dealing with an indwelling catheter?

A

Monitor vein for heat, ropeyness, ect. to avoid phlebitis

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5
Q

Where are large bore catheters usually placed and what gauge are they?

A

Placed in central veins like jugular (into the vena cava), medial saphenous, lateral saphenous and can be maintained for several days; 18-16 gauge

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6
Q

After how long will a large bore catheter always get infected?

A

72 hours

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7
Q

Spun capillary tubes from PCV and total plasma protein measurements should be what to provide a visual record of changes in the plasma protein color and clarity over time

A

Taped to paper (with time noted)

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8
Q

What is the normal WBC range for dogs?

A

6,000-17,000 cells (10,000 + or - 5,000)

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9
Q

What is the normal WBC range for cats?

A

5,500-19,000 cells (12,000 + or - 7,000)

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10
Q

What do you look for on a low power scan on a blood smear eval?

A

Platelet clumps, RBC clumps, WBCs clustered at feathered edge

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11
Q

What is the “normal” platelet count?

A

100,000-400,000

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12
Q

What does a platelet count under 60,000 indicate? (How should you feel?)

A

Not good- be worried

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13
Q

What does a platelet count under 30,000 indicate?

A

Internal bleeding

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14
Q

On a blood smear eval, if you see a total of one neutrophil in five fields, what does that usually indicate?

A

Panleukopenia

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15
Q

What is a normal canine PCV? Who has higher values and who has lower values?

A

37-54%

Puppies have lower values and sighthounds have higher values

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16
Q

What is a normal feline PCV? Who has lower values?

A

30-47%

Kittens have lower values

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17
Q

What is the “normal” canine TP range?

A

6.0-7.8 g/dL

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18
Q

What is the “normal” feline TP range?

A

6.2-8.0 g/dL

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19
Q

A PCV below reference range can indicate what?

A

Anemia

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20
Q

What are good values to gauge the effects of IV fluids?

A

PCV and TS values

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21
Q

Splenic contractions + PCV can be from…

A

Exercise or blood loss

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22
Q

Splenic expansion - PCV can be from…

A

Sedation and/or anesthesia

absorbs erythrocytes

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23
Q

What is seen with normal PCV but Low TP

A

Decreased protein production, increased loss from the GI or urinary tract

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24
Q

What is seen with normal PCV but high TP

A

Dehydration with anemia, increased globulin production (like with FIP and other infectious diseases)

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25
Does a falling PCV always indicate acute hemorrhage?
Depends; usually will eventually
26
What is seen with a high PCV and high TP?
Implies splenic contractions
27
What can a high PCV and a low TP mean?
Protein loss or decrease production, splenic contractions, dehydration, commonly seen with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
28
What can a high TP indicate?
Dehydration
29
What can a low PCV and a normal TP imply?
Anemia from RBC destruction or decreased production
30
What can a low PCV and a low TP indicate?
Blood loss or dilution from IV fluids
31
What can a low PCV and a high TP indicate?
Protein overproduction with anemia (bone marrow diseases, FIP, and other chronic diseases)
32
Most electrolyte analyzers use _____ blood or _____
Heparinized blood or serum
33
Chemistry panels use ____ samples | What color top is it? How long is it spun for?
Serum samples; tiger top; spun for 30 minutes
34
What does a blocked tom look like when brought into the clinic?
Cold, crying, HR 40's, temp 94, intoxicated with potassium and ureic acids
35
What is the first step to working on a blocked tom?
Manage potassium levels
36
What is seen with azotemia?
High levels of urea (BUN) and creatinine
37
What is seen with hyperkalemia?
Urethral obstruction, acute renal failure, hypoadrenocorticism
38
What is seen with hypocalcaemia?
Eclampsia, hypoadrenocorticism
39
What is seen with severe hypernatremia?
Nonketonic hyperosmolar diabetic crisis
40
What are some blood gas analysis'?
Acid-base status (venous samples), oxygenation (arterial samples), ventilation (venous samples)
41
What are the different types of shock?
Hypovolemic, Hemorrhagic, Cardiogenic, Neurogenic, Anaphylactic,
42
What are some benefits to an iSTAT blood gas analyzer?
Hand held, printer attachment, requires less than 0.1 mL of whole blood, can use capillary blood
43
What type of syringes do you use for an iSTAT?
Use syringes or containers coated with 1:1000 diluted heparin
44
Describe the one finger method technique for a blood gas analysis
Feel for the pulse, visualize the artery, aim needle at a 45 degree angle toward the pulse, enter the artery and blood will travel into the syringe or tube to the desired amount
45
Describe the two finger method technique for a blood gas analysis
Feel for the pulse with your fingers one inch apart, position the needle at 90 degrees halfway between the fingers, enter the artery and blood should pulse up the syringe barrel, after samples are drawn air bubbles should be expelled from the syringe and the syringe should be capped tightly
46
Blood gas analyzers require what?
Patient temperature at time of sampling, % of inspired oxygen at time of sampling (room air is 21%), and always note supplemental oxygen administration
47
What does the PaO2 tell us?
How well the blood is being oxygenated, how well the lungs and pulmonary circulation is
48
What does the pH of a blood sample tell us?
Amount of hydrogen ions in the blood
49
What is PaCO2 and what does it indicate?
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood, respiratory component of a blood gas, indicator of ventilation
50
What does excess CO2 indicate?
Acidosis-hyperventilation
51
What does not enough CO2 indicate?
Alkalosis-hypoventilation
52
What is HCO3 and what does it determine?
Bicarbonate ion, major buffer in the body, determines the metabolic component of a blood gas
53
What is base excess?
Amount of base above or below the normal buffer level
54
What is base deficit?
How far away from zero a patient is to the negative, how many units of base are needed to return the patient to neutral
55
What do base excesses or deficits indicate?
Metabolic disturbance or compensation in patient blood chemistry
56
What is the normal pH for canine venous blood?
7.32-7.40
57
What is the normal PCO2 in canine venous blood?
33-50 mm Hg
58
What is the normal HCO3 for canine venous blood?
18-26 mm Hg
59
What is the normal pH for canine arterial blood?
7.36-7.44
60
What is the normal PCO2 for canine arterial blood?
36-44 mm Hg
61
What is the normal HCO3 for canine arterial blood?
18-26 mm Hg
62
What is the normal PO2 for canine arterial blood?
85-100 mm Hg
63
What is the normal pH for feline venous blood? | What is the normal PCO2 for feline venous blood?
pH: 7.28 PCO2: 33-45 mm Hg
64
What is the normal HCO3 for feline venous blood? | What is the normal HCO3 for feline arterial blood?
Venous: 18-23 mm Hg Arterial: 17-22 mm Hg
65
What is the normal pH, PCO2, and PO2 for feline arterial blood?
pH: 7.36-7.44 PCO2: 28-32 mm Hg PO2: 85-100 mm Hg
66
What is colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
The pressure exerted by the colloid particles dissolved in a solution on a semipermeable membrane
67
What is the size difference between crystalloids and colloids?
Crystalloids are smaller particles, colloids are larger particles

Advanced Nursing (3 decks)

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