Week One Medications Flashcards
albuterol - Trade names?
Ventolin
AccuNeb
Proventil
Proair
Albuterol - Class
Sympathomimetic
bronchodilator
short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Albuterol - Pharmacology and Actions
Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Causes: Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Inhibits mediator release from mast cells
Albuterol - Onset, Peak, Duration
Onset: 5-15 minutes
Peak Effect: 30 minutes-2 hours
Duration: 3-6 hours
Albuterol - Indications
● Bronchospasm
● Hyperkalemia
● Inhaled airway/respiratory irritants
Albuterol - Contraindications
● Dysrhythmias (especially those caused by digitalis)
● Symptomatic tachycardias
● CHF
Albuterol - Adverse reactions and side effects
Cardiovascular: Dysrhythmias, chest pain, palpitations
Neurological: Tremors, headache, nervousness, dizziness
Albuterol - Dosage (Respiratory Distress)
Respiratory distress: 2.5-5mg via nebulizer or 1-2 puffs (90-180mcg) via MDI
Repeat for continued respiratory distress
No maximum dose
Albuterol - Dosage (Respiratory Distress with
signs of bronchospasm)
Both Adult and Pediatric:
Respiratory distress with signs of bronchospasm:
5mg via nebulizer or 6 puffs via MDI.
Repeat for continued respiratory distress
No maximum dose
Albuterol - Dosage (Hyperkalemia)
Hyperkalemia: 5mg via nebulizer
Albuterol - Dosage - PEDIATRIC
(Mild to moderate asthma, anaphylaxis, and hyperkalemia) :
Mild to moderate asthma, anaphylaxis, and hyperkalemia:
If using an MDI with a spacer:
4-8 puffs as needed every 20 minutes.
If using a nebulizer:
weight <20kg: 2.5mg/dose.
weight >20kg: 5mg/dose. Repeat every 20 minutes.
Albuterol - special considerations
No benefit shown in bronchiolitis
Albuterol - drug interactions
May potentiate hypokalemia caused by diuretics
Aspirin - trade name
acetylsalicylic acid
ASA
aspirin - class;
anti-platelet, NSAID
aspirin - pharmacology & actions
Prevents thromboxane A2 formation (thromboxane A2 causes platelets to aggregate and form plugs).
Has antipyretic and analgesic properties
aspirin - Onset, Peak, Duration: 15-30 minutes Duration: 4-6 hours Peak Effect: 1-2 hours
Onset: 15-30 minutes
Peak Effect: 1-2 hours
Duration: 4-6 hours
aspirin - indications
● New-onset chest discomfort suggestive of ACS
aspirin - contraindications
● Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs
● ASA-intolerant asthma
● Bleeding disorders
● Hemolytic anemia
● Lactating mothers
● Hemorrhagic stroke
● Active bleeding (relative)
aspirin - Adverse reactions / side effects
Respiratory: Bronchospasm/wheezing in allergic patients
Gastrointestinal: GI bleeding, epigastric distress, heartburn
Other: Anaphylaxis, Reye syndrome
aspirin - dosage
Adult: 162-325mg PO
