Removal of an unwanted antibody
absorption
Providing an antibody with its corresponding antigen under optimal conditions so that the antibody will attach to the antigen, thereby removing the antibody from the serum; often used interchangeably with absorption
adsorption
the clumping together of RBCs or any particulate matter resulting from interaction of antibody and its corresponding antigen
agglutination
allo-prefix indicating differences within a species–produced in one individual against the RBC antigens of another individual
Allo-antibody
Transplant donor who is related or unrelated to the recipient
Allogenic
A protein substance secreted by plasma cells that is developed in response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen. Blood bank–found in serum
antibody
Testing the patients serum with Group O reagent RBCs in an effort to detect atypical antibodies
Antibody Screen
A substance recognized by the body as being foreign, which can cause an immune response. Blood bank–usually but not exclusively found on RBC membrane
Antigen
Test to ascertain the presence or absence of RBC coating by immunoglobulin G or complement or both; uses a xenoantibody or monoclonal antibody to act as a bridge between sanitized cells, yielding agglutination as a positive result
Antiglobulin test
Auto-prefix indicating self–reactive against ones own RBC antigens
Auto-antibody
Donor and recipient are the same person
Autologous
The structures within a nucleus that contain a linear thread of DNA, which transmits genetic information. Genes are arranged along the strand of DNA and constitute portions of DNA
Chromosome
An individual who possesses a mixed cell population
chimera
A procedure performed using a machine by which one can selectively remove a particular cell type normally found in peripheral blood of a patient donor
cytopheresis
a plant that produces a reagent Anti-A serum that reacts with A1 cells but not with A subgroup cells, reacts weakly with Aint cells
Dolichos biflorus
Test that detects in vivo coating of an individuals RBCs with IgG or complement
Direct antiglobulin test DAT
a donation in which a friend or relative donates blood specifically for a recipient
Directed donor
An antibody reacts more strongly with an RBC carrying a double dose (homozygous) than with an RBC carrying a single dose (heterozygous) of an antigen
dosage
a process where cells that are coated with antibody are treated in such a manner as to disrupt the bonds between the antigen and antibody. Can be used to test its specificity
Elution
the portion of the antigen molecule that is directly involved in the interaction with the antibody; the antigenic determinant
Epitope
A blood group serology test method that uses a microbe containing gel that acts as a reaction vessel for agglutination
Gel test
A unit of inheritance within a chromosome
Gene
An individuals actual genetic makeup
Genotype
possessing a pair of identical alleles
homozygous
possessing different alleles at a given gene locus
heterozygous
antigen whose frequency in the population is 98-99%
high-frequency antigen
one of a family of closely related though not identical proteins that are capable of acting as antibodies - IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
Immunoglobulin
used to detect antigen-antibody reactions that occur in vitro
Indirect antiglobulin test IAT
in vigro combination of antigen and antibody under certain conditions of time and temperature to allow antigen-antibody complexes to occur
incubation
outside the living body, as in a laboratory setting
in vitro
inside the living body
in vivo
The ABO antibodies anti-A, anti-B, and anti-AB
isoagglutinin
Proteins present in plants (usually seeds), which bind specifically to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinate erythrocytes through their cell surface of oligosaccharide determinants
Lectin
Antibodies to WBCs
Leukoagglutinin
antigen whose frequency in a random population is very low - <10%
Low-frequency antigen
a type of agglutination pattern in which numerous small clumps of cells exist amid a sea of free cells. Usually when there is more than 1 RBC population present
mixed field
The outward expression of genes on blood cells, serologically demonstrable antigens constitute the phenotype, except those sugar sites that are determined by transferases
Phenotype
the liquid portion of whole blood, containing water, electrolytes, glucose, fats, protein, and gases. Contains all the clotting factors necessary for coagulation, but in inactive form
Plasma
A procedure using a machine to remove only plasma form a donor or patient
Plasmapheresis
incomplete lattice formation caused by an excellent of antibody molecules relative to the number of antigen sites, resulting in a false-neg reaction
Prozone
receiving a donation from a known donor
Recipient specific donor (directed donor)
coin-like stacking of RBCs int eh presence of plasma expanders or abnormal plasma proteins
Rouleaux
An unspecialized cell, capable of self-renewal, that gives rise to a group of differential cells, such as the hematopoietic cell
stem cell
a condition of being made sensitive to a specific substance after the initial exposure to that substance. Results in development of immunological memory that evokes an accentuated immune response with subsequent exposure to that substance
Sensitization
the fluid that remains after whole blood has clotted
serum
the affinity of an antibody and the antigen against which it is directed
specificity
a measurement of the strength of an antibody by testing its reactivity at increasing dilutions against the appropriate antigen. The reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows agglutination is the titer
Titer