Week2

Question 1

Central tendency

Answer 1

The point around around which scores are clustered in a distribution

Question 2

Histograms

Answer 2

Graphically represent the frequency of groups of scores

Question 3

Bin size

Answer 3

The numbers on the x-axis

Question 4

Describe box plots

Answer 4

Box plots provide important info about the distribution of scores including:

• The median (line at the center of the box)
• The variability (shown by the whiskers and outliers)
• Asymmetry (shown by the differences above and below the median)
• Outliers(scores that are extremely high or low)

Question 5

What is a t-score

Answer 5

An inferential statistic, meaning we try to learn more about a population based off of one sample

Question 6

T-tests are parametric meaning…

Answer 6

The population needs to be normally distributed if we want to use the test meaning the distribution is symmetrical and unimodal

Question 7

What is a t-test

Answer 7

The purpose of a t-test is to determine if the means of two groups are statistically different (low overlap between the means alludes to low variability while high overlap means high variability)

Question 8

What are the three types of t-tests

Answer 8

Single sample t-test, related sample t-test, independent samples t-test

Question 9

What is a single sample t-test

Answer 9

Used when we want to know if the difference between a sample mean and a known population mean is significant. The sample should be normally distributed and obtained through random selection and the population mean but already be known

Question 10

What is a related samples t-test

Answer 10

Two samples are compared to each other, and participants in one group have something in common with participants in another group

Question 11

Independent samples t-test

Answer 11

Participants in one group have no relation to participants in the other and are randomly assigned to conditions

Question 12

How is the t-value of a t-test calculated

Answer 12

Using the ratio formula, the top part representing the difference between two means and the bottom represents the variability

Question 13

What is the null hypothesis

Answer 13

There being no difference between two treatments

Question 14

What is the alternative hypothesis

Answer 14

There being a significant difference between two treatments

Question 15

What is the effect size and why is it important

Answer 15

The effect size determines how much one variable has on another and accounts for the sample size of a group

Question 16

What are powerful tests

Answer 16

Tests that detect large effects (large differences between null and alternative)

Question 17

What are iconic gestures

Answer 17

Displays images of concrete entities and/or actions (eg. gesturing throwing a big ball vs a ping pong ball)

Question 18

What does gesture restriction cause

Answer 18

• Reduces speech rate

- Increases word retrieval difficulty

Question 19

What type of memory is a critical component of iconic gesture production

Answer 19

Spatial working memory

Question 20

When do people use gestures more

Answer 20

• When describing patterns that were physically made rather than just being viewed
• They mentally rotate a shape
• They describe nouns having strong associations with actions

Question 21

What happens when you read a word associated with a motion

Answer 21

The part of your motor cortex that would conduct that action activates

Question 22

Give an example of switching costs in conceptual judgement tasks

Answer 22

It takes more time to answer a question relating to sound after answering a question relating to taste while it takes a shorter time to answer two question related to sound

Question 23

What is the visuospatial sketchpad responsible for

Answer 23

• The storage and manipulation of visual (shape, color) and spatial (location and movement) stimuli acquired from peripheral perceptual systems or recovered from long term knowledge
• To carry out mental imagery tasks