Sterno-costal Jts ribs 1-7 ribs 8-10 11-12 Describe

true ribs (attach directly to sternum through their own cartilage) false ribs (attached indirectly through common costal cartilage) floating ribs (no sternal attachment/attached to each other)

Weeks 13 & 14: Vertebral Column Flashcards by Amber Lindsey

What are all the articulating surfaces of the vertebral column?

(8)

Intervertebral jts
Facet jts
Atlanto-occipital (A-O)
Atlanto-axial (A-A)
Sternocostal
Costovertebral
Lumbo-sacral Junction
Sacro-iliac (SI)

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Facet Jts

What prime motions are available at cervical facet jts?

(C2-C7)

rotation
SB
flex
ext

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Facet Jts

What prime motions are available at thoracic facet jts?

(In what directions do they occur?)

SB and rotation (occur together)

opposite directions

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Facet Jts

What prime motions are available at lumbar facet jts?

flex
ext

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Question:

If a pt SB to the R, which direction will the vertebrae rotate?

(Which part of the spine?)

thoracic

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Question:

If a pt rotates to the R, which direction will the vertebrae SB?

(What part of the spine?)

thoracic

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Atlanto-occipital Jt

What two structure form the A-O jt?

Which motion(s) are available?

atlas (C1) and occiput

flex, ext

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Atlanto-axial Jt

What three structures form the A-A jt?

Which motion(s) are available?

axis (C2)
atlas (C1)
transverse ligament

rotation

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Atlanto-axial Jt

What are the processes of the axis (C2) called?

What kind of processes are they?

dens

odontoid

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Atlanto-axial Jt

What structure runs through the transverse foramen?

To and from which vertebrae does it run?

vertebral artery

C5/6-C2

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Sterno-costal Jts

Where are the sterno-costal jts located?

anterior attachment of the ribs to the sternum

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Sterno-costal Jts

ribs 1-7
ribs 8-10
11-12

Describe

true ribs (attach directly to sternum through their own cartilage)
false ribs (attached indirectly through common costal cartilage)
floating ribs (no sternal attachment/attached to each other)

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Costovertebral Jts

Where do the costovertebral jts articulate?

What aer the two areas of articulation?

posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae

transverse process
vertebral body (facet)

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Costovertebral Jts

What are the prime motion(s) available?

slight motion during rib expansion during respiration

The ribs limit all motions of the thorax

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Lumbo-sacral Junction

Where do the lumbo-sacral jts articulate?

L5-S1

majority of low back motion occurs at this junction
frequent site of disc herniation

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Lumbo-sacral Junction

What is the lumbosacral angle?
What is the normal value?

What factors can affect the lumbosacral angle?
What is the result?

top line parallel to top of scarum
bottom line parallel to floor

Normal value ≈ 30º

lumbar lordosis
increased LS angle = anterior pelvic tilt
decreased LS angle = posterior pelvic tilt

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Sacro-iliac Jt

Where does the SI jt articulate?
What is its function?

between sacrum and ilium*

provide stability

* together with the ischium, these three bones form the pelvic girdle

no voluntary motion is available, however motion does occur with gait (may be excessive or reduced)

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Ligaments

Where is the iliolumbar ligament located?

Which motion(s) does it limit?

runs laterally from the transverse process of L5 to the inner lip of the posterior iliac crest

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What is the thoracoculumnar fascia?
What does it consist of?

thick structure of fascia that provides dynamic support to the spine

Composition:
* three layers of fascia
* the aponeuroses of the latissimus dorsi, serratus posterior inferior, internal obliques, and transverse abdominus

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During trunk flexion…

What happens to the nucleus pulposis?
The annulus fibrosis?
The intervertebral space?

(Which aspect of the intervertebral space?)

nucleus - moves posterior
annulus - posterior part taut, anterior part lax
intervertebral space - widens

(posterior aspect)

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During trunk flexion…

What happens to the nucleus pulposis?
The annulus fibrosis?
The intervertebral space?

nucleus - moves anterior
annulus - anterior part taut, posterior part lax
intervertebral space - narrows

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Question:

In what position would a pt with lumbar disc problems be most comfortable?

trunk flexion

NOT helpful for recovery

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What is the cartilaginous end plate?
What is its function?

thin layer of connective tissue between the vertebral body and the disc

provides nutrition to the disc via diffusion from the vertebral body marrow

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Lordosis

In which plane is this curvature located?
From which view can it be noted?
Where in the spine does normal lordosis occur?

Is this curve primary or secondary? Why?

sagittal
lateral view
cervical & lumbar regions

Secondary as these curves develop later in life

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# **Kyphosis** In which plane is this curvature located? From which view can it be noted? Where in the spine does normal kyphosis occur? | Is this curve primary or secondary? Why?

sagittal lateral view thoracic region | Primary due to position of fetal development

What is the closed pack position of the spine?

extension ## Footnote This is true for all three regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar

# Cervical Muscles What are the prime movers in **head flexion**?

prevertebrals

# Cervical Muscles What are the prime movers in **head extension**?

suboccipitals

# Cervical Muscles What are the *four* muscles that compose the prevertebrals?

longus colli longus capitis rectus capitis anterior rectus capitis lateralis

# Cervical Muscles What are the *four* muscles that make up the suboccipitals?

obliquus capitis superior & inferior rectus capitis posterior major & minor

# Cervical Muscles What are the prime movers in **cervical flexion**? | (3)

SCM scalenes longus colli

# Cervical Muscles What are the prime movers in **cervical extension**? | (7)

splenius cervisis & capitus longissimus cervisis iliocostalis cervisis semispinalis cervisis multifidus upper trapezius

# Cervical Muscles What are the prime movers in **cervical SB**? | (7)

SCM scalenes splenius cervisis & capitus longissimus cervisis iliocostalis cervisis levator scapulae

# Spine AROM What is the inclinometer norm for **thoracic/lumbar flexion**?

80º

# Spine AROM What is the incinometer norm for **thoracic/lumbar extension**?

25º

# Spine AROM What are the landmarks for measuring **thoracic/lumbar flex/ext** with a tape measure?

C7 - S2

# Spine AROM What are the landmarks for measuring **thoracic/lumbar flex/ext** with an inclinometer?

T1 - S2

# Spine AROM What are the landmarks for measuring **lumbar flex/ext** with a tape measure?

S2 - 15 cm superior to S2

# Spine AROM What are the landmarks for measuring **lumbar flex/ext** with an inclinometer?

T12 - S2

# Spine AROM What is the AROM norm for **thoracic/lumbar SB**?

35º

# Spine AROM What are the landmarks for measuring **thoracic/lumbar SB** with a tape measure?

distance between third fingertip and floor

# Spine AROM What are the landmarks for measuring **thoracic/lumbar SB** with an inclinometer?

T1 - S2

# Spine AROM What are the goni landmarks for **thoracic/lumbar SB**?

Axis: S2 Stationary arm: perpendicular to floor Moving arm: spinous process of C7

# Spine AROM What is the AROM norm for **thoracic/lumbar rotation**?

45º

# Spine AROM What are the goni landmarks for **thoracic/lumbar rotation**?

Axis: center of head Stationary arm: line between the two prominent tubercles of the iliac crest Moving arm: line between the acromial processes

# Ligaments Where is the **anterior longitudinal ligament** located? | What motion does it limit? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental?

anterior aspect of vertebral body | extension intersegmental

# Ligaments Where is the **posterior longitudinal ligament** located? | What motion does it limit? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental?

posterior aspect of the vertebral body and anterior aspect of the vertebral foramen | flexion intersegmental

# Ligaments Where is the **ligamentum flavum** located? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental? | What motion does it limit?

posterior aspect of the vertebral foramen connects the laminae* of the vertebra intrasegmental | flexion ## Footnote *the lamina is the bony part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal column

# Ligaments Where is the **interspinous/interspinal ligament** located? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental? | What motion does it limit?

between each spinous process | flexion

# Ligaments Where is the **intertransverse ligament** located? | What motion does it limit? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental?

between each transverse process | sidebending intrasegmental

# Ligaments Where is the **supraspinal ligament** located? | What motion does it limit? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental?

along the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to sacrum | flexion intersegmental

# Ligaments Where is the **ligamentum nuchae** located? | What motion does it limit? Is it intersegmental or intrasegmental?

along the tips of the spinous processes from occiput to C7 | flexion intersegmental

# Cervical Muscles What are the prime movers for **cervical rotation**? | (6)

SCM scalenes spelnius cervicis splenius capitis levator scapulae multifidus

# Cervical Muscles When contracting unilaterally, to which side do the cervical rotation muscles rotate the neck? | (same or opposite?)

SCM: opposite scalenes: opposite multifidus: opposite spelnius cervisis/capitis: same levator scapulae: same ## Footnote example: R SCM contracts - neck rotates L R levator contracts - neck rotates R

# Trunk Muscles What are the prime movers of **trunk flexion**?

rectus abdominis internal obliques external obliques

# Trunk Muscles What are the primer movers of **trunk extension**?

erector spinae* mulifidus quadratus lumborum | *spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

# Trunk Muscles What are the prime movers of **trunk sidebending**? | To which side do they bend if contracting unilaterally?

external obliques internal obliques longissimus thoracic iliocostalis quadratus lumborum psoas major | same side

# Trunk Muscles What are the prime movers of **trunk rotation**?

external obliques internal obliques rotatores multifidus

# Trunk Muscles When contracting unilaterally, to which side do the trunk muscles rotate the spine?

external obliques: opposite rotatores: opposite multifidus: opposite internal obliques: same

# Muscle Actions What are the **prevertebral muscles**? What is this muscle group called? | (4)

longus colli longus capitis rectus capitis anterior rectus capitis lateralis | anterior head flexors

# Muscle Actions What is the purpose of the **prevertebral muscles**?

* maintain postural control * perform chin tuck exercise

# Muscle Actions What are the **suboccipital muscles**? | (4) What is this muscle group called?

obliquus capitis superior/inferior rectus capitis posterior major/minor | synergistic group that performs head extension

# Muscle Actions What are the **trunk extensors**?

Splenius capitis/cervicis* Erector spinae Transversospinalis Quadratus lumborum | *cervical region only

# Muscle Actions What are the muscles of the **erector spinae**?

spinalis longissimus iliocostalis

# Muscle Actions What does the **spinalis** muscle connect?

spinous processes

# Muscle Actions What does the **longissimus** muscle connect?

transverse processes

# Muscle Actions What does the **iliocostalis** muscle connect?

attach laterally to the ribs

# Muscle Actions What are the **transversopsinals** muscles? | What do they do? What is their line of pull?

semispinalis rotatores multifidus | trunk extension oblique

# Muscle Actions What does the **semispinalis** muscle connect?

spans 5+ vertebra

# Muscle Actions What do the **rotatores** connect?

spans 1 vertebra

# Muscle Actions What does the **multifidus** connect?

spans 2-4 vertebra

# Muscle Actions What is the deepest abdominal muscle? What is its function?

transverse abdominis compress and support the abdominal viscera

Weeks 13 & 14: Vertebral Column Flashcards

(73 cards)