Weimar 1919-1929 Flashcards
(28 cards)
How did different demographics utilise the Stab in the Back Myth?
- Pan-Germans: Full blame on Jews
- Conservatives: Advocate mass mobilisation against the Republic
- Generals: Politicians and Parliament
Who was assassinated by the political assassinations at this time? Why?
- Matthias Erzberger: Assassinated because he signed the armistice
- Walter Rathenau: Vital in fulfilment and paying reparations. Also German-Jewish, so was assassinated
- Philip Scheidemann: Attempted assassination for proclaiming the Republic (though didn’t support Versailles)
- Hugo Hasse: USPD member in Ebert’s first assembly. Shot in front of the Reichstag
What organisation was responsible for most political assassinations at this time?
Organisation Consul
How many people took to the streets in the Spartacist revolution?
100,000
Who did Ebert ask to put down the Spartacist rebellion?
Noske, who then used the Freikorps
Who consistently supported the Spartacist Revolt?
Soviet Russia
Who declared Bavaria a socialist republic in 1919 uprising? Who then took over after he resigned and declared a soviet republic?
- Kurt Eisner
- Max Levine
Who completely transformed Bavaria into a real soviet republic?
Eugene Levine
How did the Bavarian uprising end?
Freikorps are used and defeat the red guard within two days. Levine is then arrested and shot by firing squad
What was the Munich Putsch inspired by?
Mussolini’s march on Rome
What specific beer hall did the Munich Putsch take place in?
Burgerbrau Keller beer hall
What three leaders were intimidated into being involved in the Munich Putsch? How did they escape?
- Von Kahr, von Lassow, von Seisser
- They’re left in the beer hall alone with Ludendorff, and persuade him to let them “do their part” for the Putsch. Ludendorff lets them go and they order military suppression of the Putsch
How many Nazis and police died in the Munich Putsch?
14 Nazis, 4 police (Hitler’s shot but escapes)
Which judge presided over Hitler’s trial? What was he known for?
- Niethardt
- Known for being lenient to the right wing
What began the Kapp Putsch?
- Noske attempting to follow Versailles by ordering two Freikorps units to disband
Who led the Kapp Putsch? What party was he part of throughout WW1?
- Wolfgang Kapp
- Part of the fatherland party
Who refused to follow Ebert’s orders around the Kapp Putsch? What did he say?
- General von Seeckt
- ‘Troops do not fire on troops’
How long did it take for the Kapp Putsch to end?
4 days
How many political assassinations had taken place by the end of 1922? How many of these were right wing?
- 400 assassinations
- 354 by right wing
What law was established in 1922 against assassinations?
“Law for the Protection of the Republic” meant severe penalties were placed on any conspirators for murder and outlaws Organisation Consul
In what ways were the French brutal to those in the Ruhr? How many died?
- Demanded free food from shops
- Would shoot randomly at civilians
- Over 100 civilians die
- Took hostages
How many different govs had there been in the first 4 years of the republic?
8
What was the Munich Putsch seen as in the context of the Ruhr crisis?
An attempt to distract the country form the real issues being faced by the government
What was the Kellog-Briand pact?
Where countries gathered to declare war as being unsuitable for resolving issues
