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Weinmar Republic 1918-23 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the impact on Germany from WW1

A

2 million German troops died and 4 million injured, German government went into debt from 50 billion marks to 150 billion marks from money borrowed to fund ww1, over 750,000 German citizens died from food shortages

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2
Q

What was the result of then impacts of ww1 on germany

A

With the public opinion turned against him, Kaiser Wilhelm 2 of Germany abdicated on the 9TH OF NOVEMBER 1918. He lives the rest of his life in exile in the Netherlands.

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3
Q

What happened after Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated

A

A new republican government, the Weinmar republic, was formed in Germany.

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4
Q

What was the German revolution

A

Kaiser Wilhelm’s abdication of the throne and the formation of the Weinmar republic

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5
Q

Why was the Kaiser’s abdication a problem for Germany

A

No one was leading the country which created chaos and instability

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6
Q

What is a constitution

A

The set of rules for how a country’s political system works

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7
Q

Describe the president in the Weinmar constitution

A

-elected every 7 years
-chose who got to be chancellor
-could use article 48 to pass laws without parliament approval

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8
Q

Describe the chancellor in the weinmar constitution

A

-head of government
-usually came from the largest party in the Reichstag

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9
Q

Describe the cabinet in the Weinmar constitution

A

The main desicions making body of the government

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10
Q

Describe the parliament in the Weinmar constitution

A

Reichstag-the more powerful house who we’re directly elected by the people at least once every four years using proportional representation
Reichsrat-represented the regions of Germany

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11
Q

Who was the electorate made up of in the Weinmar constitution

A

Consisted of all men and woman who we’re over 21

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12
Q

What we’re the strengths of the democratic Weinmar republic

A

All the people had the same rights in law including the right to vote in democratic elections

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13
Q

What we’re the strengths of a president in the Weinmar republic

A

A strong president could protect the country in times of crisis

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14
Q

What we’re the strengths of the chancellor in the weinmar republic

A

The chancellor needed to command a majority in the Reichstag, so their appointment was democratic

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15
Q

What were the strengths of proportional representation in the Weinmar republic

A

Fair and represented everyone’s views

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16
Q

What we’re the strengths of Article 48 in the Weinmar republic

A

In times of crisis this could be used to swiftly respond to events to make laws without the reichstag’s consent

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17
Q

What were the strengths of the states rights

A

Individual states have a degree of independence meaning they are able to stand up to the government

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18
Q

What we’re the weaknesses of the democratic Weinmar republic

A

The republic faces serious opposition from people who didn’t want democracy to succeed

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19
Q

What we’re the weaknesses of the president in the Weinmar constitution

A

He may be biased when picking a chancellor and could use article 48 to pass laws without approval

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20
Q

What we’re the weaknesses of the chancellor in the weinmar republic

A

Hard for him to have a majority in parliament meaning he had to make deals with other parties and the role would change often

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21
Q

What we’re the weaknesses of proportional representation in the weinmar republic

A

Led to too many small political parties in the reichstag. No single party could get a majority so parties had to form coalitions. This led to a weak and unstable government

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22
Q

What were the weaknesses of article 48 in the Weinmar republic

A

The president could use it to pass bad laws which may have an affect on the government without approval
Opposite of democracy

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23
Q

What is the weakness of the state’s rights in the Weinmar republic

A

Individual, states could oppose governments and go against its policies

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24
Q

When was the treaty of Versailles signed

A

June 1919

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25
What we’re the 5 policies of the treaty of Versailles
The Diktat, article 231, reparations, reduction of military, loss of land and colonies
26
What was the diktat and its effect on Germany
-Germany had no say in the TOV and all requests from them were refused. -humiliated Germany, damged power and status, led to resentment of victorious countries
27
What was article 231 and its effect on Germany
-Germany had to accept full responsibility for causing WW1 despite the role that other countries played -frustrated Germany, felt they we’re being treated unfairly
28
What we’re the reparations and their effect on Germany
-Germany had to pay 136,000 millions marks (£6.6 billion) too the victorious powers to compensate for war damage + the output of the Saar coalfields we’re to be given to France for 15 years -placed a huge strain on the German economy making harder to recover from war
29
What was the reduction of the military and its effect on Germany
-the German army was limited to 100,000 mean down from 4 million, no air force permitted, navy was down to 6 battleships 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats, not submarines, the Rhineland was demilitaries and occupied by allied troops -led to mass unemployment in Germany leading to the Freikorps and made them unable to defend themselves
30
What was the loss of land and colonies and its effect on Germany
-all 11 of Germany’s colonies we’re given to the victorious country’s including Alsace-Lorraine to France and West Prussia to Poland. Overall Germany lost 10% population, 13% of land, 50% iron reserves, 15% coal reserves -made Germany even weaker by dividing country, no longer an empire, loss of resources made it harder to pay reparations
31
What was the stab in the back myth and its effect on Germany
-many German citizens believed that their army hadn’t been defeated in ww1 but had been betrayed by politicians -cause distrust and resentment towards politicians, government became more unstable and unpopular, rebellions launched against government
32
When was the spartacist revolut
January 1919
33
Who led the spartacist revolt
Rosa Luxemberg, Karl Liebkneckt
34
Who was the political alignment of the spartacist revolt
Communist
35
What we’re the aims of the spartacist revolt
-overthrow government -replicate 1917 Russian revolt -turn Germany communist
36
What happened during the spartacist revolt
50,000 workers went on strike, protestors armed themsekves
37
How did the Weinmar republic respond to the spartacist revolt
They fled Berlin to Weinmar, freikorps used to kill protestors
38
What we’re the effects of the spartacist uprising
Instability of government in Germany and divisions on left wing, 100 dead including leaders, hatred of government from communists and working class Germany
39
When was the Kapp Putsch
March 13th 1920
40
Who led the Kapp Putsch
Wolfgang Kapp, generals Luttwitz and Luderndorf
41
What was the political alignment of the Kapp Putsch
Extreme nationalists
42
What we’re the aims of the Kapp Putsch
Believed stab in the back myth, wanted to make Germany a dictatorship, wanted to destroy communism
43
What happened during the Kapp Putsch
Luttwitz, Kapp and Freikorps seized Berlin and claimed that a new nationalist government was being established with Kapp as chancellor, Ebert told army to intervene but they did not want to fight Freikorps
44
How did the Weinmar republic respond ton the Kapp putsch
Ordered army to intervene when they did not they fled to Dresden and left Berlin, leaders ordered a general strike paralysing Berlin, Kapp then fled
45
What we’re the effects of the Kapp Putsch
Showed that government lacked authority and army support
46
What was the Ruhr
A key industrial region with lots of factories-production of iron, steel, coal
47
When do the french and Belgians occupy the Ruhr
January 1923
48
Why did the french and Belgians occupy the Ruhr
The Germans had fallen behind with their reparations payment so they decided to take industrial products instead of cash
49
Why was Germany unable to stop the occupation of the Ruhr
They could not take military action due to their small army they would be beaten. The Rhineland was demilitarised.
50
How did the Germans respond to the occupation of the Ruhr
Workers went on strike and refused to help the french. Some sabotaged machinery and clashes with the french left 100 dead
51
What were the short term positive effects of the occupation of the Ruhr on germany
-brought German government temporary popularity -country unites against invaders and government provided strike pay to workers
52
What were the long term negatives of the occupation of the Ruhr
-the occupation made the already struggling economy suffer even more. The government printed more money to pay workers leading to hyperinflation
53
What is inflation
The increase in prices due to the decrease in value of money. The same amount of money buys less than before.
54
Why did inflation begin to increase in Germany after ww1
The government printed more money to pay off war debt and to buy foreign currency to pay reparations
55
What is hyperinflation
When prices increase at a rapid our of controls rate. Money becomes worthless
56
What triggered hyperinflation in Germany
The occupation of the Ruhr damaged the economy and prompted government to print huge amounts of money to pay off debt
57
When was the high point of hyper inflation and how many marked were needed to buy a dollar then
November 1923, 4.2 billion marks
58
How marks marks were needed to buy a loaf of bread in 1918 and then in 1923
0.54 marks 201 billion marks
59
How did the treaty of Versailles cause hyper inflation
Germany had to pay massive reparations which had to be paid in gold currency putting a further strain on the economy. The government printed money.
60
What were the negative effects and consequences of hyper inflation
-rapid price increases-unable to afford necessities -forced millions of Germans into poverty -savings became worthless -people became angry at government -mark value fell compared to other currencies
61
What were the positive effects and consequences of hyperinflation
-people with loans and mortgages could pay them off quicker -people who owned land and buildings were protected as their value rose with inflation -farmers could sell food at a higher price

History (5 decks)

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