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Peds I & II > Well-Child Exam > Flashcards

Well-Child Exam Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

When do you start using BMI in kids?

A

@ 2 yrs

Prior to this=%

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2
Q

How long do you track head circumference for? why?

A

2-3 yrs of age

Assess for brain growth

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3
Q

Define underweight

A

<5%

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4
Q

Define overweight

A

85-95%

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5
Q

Define Obesity

A

> 95%

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6
Q

Define microcephaly

A

<3%

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7
Q

define macrocephaly

A

> 97%

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8
Q

What is considered Low BW?

A

<2500 grames=5.5 lbs

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9
Q

Define Preterm

A

<37 weeks

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10
Q

Define Term

A

37-42 weeks

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11
Q

Define Postterm

A

> 42 weeks

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12
Q

Define neonatal period

A

Day 1-28

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13
Q

Define Postnatal period

A

Day 29-1 yr

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14
Q

Define Vernix Caseosa

A

Cheesy white covering

Made from fetal corneocytes/sebaceos gland activity

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15
Q

Define Milia

A

Pinpoint white papule with surrounding erythema: Nose, chin, forehead, cheeks
Caused by blocked sebaceous glands

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16
Q

Define Mongolian Spot

A

“Congenital Dermal Melangocytosis”:
Blue patches of pigments
Lumbar, buttocks, extremities
Common in darker skin

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17
Q

Define Erythema Toxicum

A

Yellow Eosinophilic papule on red base
2nd-4th day of life, disappear w/in 1 wk
Trunk

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18
Q

What does widely split sutures suggest?

A

Increased ICP:

  1. Meningitis
  2. Hydrocephalus
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19
Q

What does raised, bony ridge @ suture line suggest?

A

Craniosynostosis

Referral to neurosurgery asap!

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20
Q

What does a bulging fontanelle suggest?

A

Increased ICP:

Bleed vs. Meningitis

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21
Q

What does a sunken fontanelle suggest?

A

Dehydration

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22
Q

What does a large posterior fontanelle suggest?

A

1st sign of congenital hypothyroidism

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23
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

9-18 mos

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24
Q

Size of anterior fontanelle

A

1-4 cm

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25
When does the posterior fontanelle close?
1-2 mos
26
Size of posterior fontanelle
<1 cm
27
Define Cepahlohematoma
Swelling/collection of blood over one or both of parietal bones does NOT cross suture lines resolves in weeks to months
28
Define Caput Succedeaneum
Edema of scalp DOES cross the Suture lines Resolves in days
29
Define Hypetelorism
Abnormally wide spacing of eyes
30
Define Epstein's Pearls
Small, white benign inclusion cysts (palate) | Resolve spontaneously
31
Define Ankyloglossia. Tx?
"Tongue Tie": Congenital short lingual frenulum | Tx: Frenulectomy in neonatal period
32
What causes Congenital Torticollis (wry neck)?
Bleeding into SCM during stretching process of birth
33
Define Pectus Excaviatum
Sternum Depression
34
Define Pectus Carinatum
Sternum Protrussion
35
What does decreased breath sounds on OJE side of the chest in an infant suggest?
Unilateral lesions: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
36
What does diminished femoral pulses indicate?
Coarctation of aorta
37
What is the MC Dysrhythmia in infants?
PSVT
38
Define Hypospadias
Abnormal VENTRAL placement of urethral opening
39
Define epispadias
Abnormal DORSAL placement of urethral opening
40
If you can't see the bottom of a Sacral Dimple, what do you need to order?
US
41
What are RF's for Developmental Dysplasia of Hips (DDH)
1. Breech 2. Caucasian 3. 1st born female 4. FHX, prior child born w/ DDH 5. Premature
42
Describe the Barlow test in evaluating DDH
Test for ability to sublet/dislocate an intact, but unstable hip
43
Describe Ortolani test in evaluating DDH
Test for posteriorly dislocated hip
44
DDH treatment
Ortho Eval + Pavlik Harness
45
What is a potential complication of DDH if left untreated?
Degenerative hip dz
46
What age should the Palmar Grasp Reflex be present?
Birth to 3-4 mos
47
What age should the Plantar Grasp reflex be present?
Birth to 6-8 mos
48
What age should the Moro Reflex (startle reflex) be present?
Birth to 4 mos.
49
Moro Reflex persistence BEYOND the 4 mos. suggests what?
Neurological Dz: Cerebral Palsy (esp. beyond 6 mos)
50
Assymetric More Reflex suggest what?
Clavicle Fx or Brachial Plexus injury
51
What age should the Asymmetric Tonic Reflex be present?
Birth to 2 mos.
52
Asymmetric Tonic Reflex persistence BEYOND the 2 mos. indicates what?
Asymmetric CNS development
53
What age should the Positive Support Reflex be present?
Birth OR 2 mos. to 6 mos
54
Lack of Positive Support Reflex suggests what?
Hypotonia or Flaccidity
55
What age should the rooting reflex be present?
Birth to 3-4 mos.
56
What age should the Trunk Incurvation (Galant's Relflex) be present?
Birth to 2 mos.
57
Absence of Trunk Incurvation (Galant's Relflex) indicates what?
SCI or lesion
58
VA for ages 3-5
20/40
59
VA for ages 6+
20/30
60
MCC for childhood blindness?
Amblyopia
61
What age do we start checking BP?
3 years
62
What age do we start screening for iron deficiency (hemoglobin)
9 or 12 mos.
63
What age do we start screening for Lead per CDC recommendation?
Ages 1-2 | Target high risk homes=homes built before 1950
64
What age do we start autism screening?
18 & 24 mos.
65
@ what age and who do we screen for lipid panels?
Ages 2-10 IF risk factors: 1. FHx hyperlipidemia 2. FHx CV dz 3. Obesity/overwt. 4. HTN 5. DM
66
1st dental visit
12 mos-2 yrs OR | 3 yrs
67
How long in a rear facing car seat?
2 years
68
How long in a booster seat?
4'9"
69
How long until front seat?
13 y.o.
70
Hep B vaccine CI
Severe allergy to yeast
71
Rotavirus Vaccine CI's
1. Hx Intussusception 2. Infants w/ SCID 3. Defer in those w/ acute mod/severe gastro
72
Before this vaccine, what was the leading cause of invasive bacterial dz in children <5 yrs in the US?
HiB
73
HiB complications
1. Meningitis 2. Pneumonia 3. Epiglottis 4. Death
74
CI to HiB vaccine
1. Children <6 wks | 2. Allergic Rxn to previous HiB vaccine
75
What is a common cause for AOM and Sinusitis?
Pnuemococal
76
PCV 13 Vaccine CI
1. Severe previous allergy to vaccine | 2. Severe acute illness
77
Rubella disease complications
Very serious in pregnant women! 1. Miscarriage 2. Stillbirth 3. Birth defects
78
Measles complications
1. Encephalitis | 2. Pneumonia
79
Mumps complications
1. Encephalitis 2. Meningitis 3. Deafness 5. Orchitis
80
MMR CI's
1. Anaphylactic Egg or Neomycin allergy 2. Immunocompromised 3. Pregnant or intending to get pregnant in 28 days
81
Hepatitis A tranmission
Contaminated food or water

Peds I & II (8 decks)

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