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MJ- Peds Block 1 > Well Child Exam > Flashcards

Well Child Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is vernix caseosa? What is it made from?

A

Cheesy white covering

Made from fetal corneocytes/sebaceous activity

Rich lipid matrix

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2
Q

What is milia?

A

Pinpoint white papules w/out erythema

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3
Q

What is milia caused by?

A

Blocked sebaceous glands

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4
Q

What are mongolian spots?

A

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

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5
Q

What population is most often affected by mongolian spots?

A

Asian, NA, Hispanic, East Indian, African

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6
Q

What is erythema toxicum?

A

Yellow eosinophilic papules on red base

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7
Q

What is erythema toxicum caused by?

A

Unknown but may be due to immaturity of pilosebaceous follicles

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8
Q

What are 2 signs of elevated ICP?

A

Widely split sutures

Bulging fontanelles

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9
Q

What is a sign of craniosynostosis?

A

A raised, bony ridge at a suture line

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10
Q

A large fontanelle can be the 1st sign of….

A

congenital hypothyroidism

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11
Q

When does the anterior vs the posterior fontanelle close?

A

Anterior: 9-18mos

Posterior: 1-2mos

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12
Q

What is the size of the anterior vs the posterior fontanelle?

A

Anterior: 1-4cm

Posterior: < 1cm

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13
Q

Which extracranial finding can cross the suture lines?

A

Caput succedaneums

*Cephalohematomas CANNOT

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14
Q

What can ankyloglossia lead to?

A

Limited movement of tongue

Pain w/ nursing

Speech difficulty or dental problems

Puckering of tongue tip

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15
Q

What is the tx of ankyloglossi?

A

Frenulectomy in neonatal period

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16
Q

What causes congenital torticollis (“wry neck”)?

A

Bleeding into the SCM muscle during birth

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17
Q

What is pectus excavatum vs pectus carinatum? Which is MC?

A

Excavatum: “funnel chest”, sternal depression (MC)

Carinatum: “chicken breast or pigeon chest”

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18
Q

Are pectus abnormalities more common in boys or girls?

A

Boys!

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19
Q

Diminished femoral pulses may indicate what?

A

Coarctation of aorta

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20
Q

What are common non-cardiac findings in infants w/ cardiac disease?

A

Poor feeding, failure to thrive, irritability

Tachy, hepatomegaly, clubbing

Weakness

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21
Q

What is a common dysrhythmia seen in infants & children?

A

HR increasing on inspiration & decreasing on expiration

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22
Q

What is the MC dysthymia in infants?

A

PSVT

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23
Q

Undescended testicles are most common in…

A

Pre term infants

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24
Q

Describe 2 variations of urethral openings

A

Hypospadias: ventral

Epispadias: dorsal

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25
Q

What are 3 variants of hypospadias?

A

Subcoronal

Midshaft

Penoscrotal

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26
Q

What are 2 common scrotal masses in newborns? What side are they MC on?

A

Hydroceles & inguinal hernias

MC on right side

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27
Q

Compare & contrast hydroceles vs hernias

A

Hydrocele: overlie testes & spermatic cord, transilluminate, resolve by 18mos

Hernias: separate from testes, reducible

28
Q

What imaging should you perform if you are unable to see the bottom of a sacral dimple?

A

U/S!

Could be a sign of imperforate anus or spina bifida

29
Q

What are RFs for dysplasia of the hips (DDH)?

A

Breech, caucasian, 1st born female

Family hx, prior child born w/ DDH

Premature

30
Q

What 2 maneuvers can you use to detect DDH?

A

Barlow: tests for ability to sublux or dislocate

Ortolani: tests for posterior dislocation

31
Q

What are signs of DDH?

A

Audible “click”

Asymmetrical leg creases

32
Q

How do you treat DDH?

A

Ortho eval & pavlik harness

33
Q

At what age can you perform palmar grasp vs plantar grasp?

A

Palmar: birth to 3-4mos

Plantar: birth to 6-8mos

34
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

Hold baby supine & abruptly lower body 2ft

Arms should abduct & extend, legs should flex

35
Q

What does an asymmetric moro reflex indicate?

A

Fx of clavicle or brachial plexus injury

36
Q

What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex?

A

“bow & arrow position”

37
Q

What is the positive support reflex?

A

Baby stands up w/ help, partially bearing weight, & sags after 20-30 secs

38
Q

Lack of a positive support reflex indicates…

A

Hypotonia & flaccidity

39
Q

What is the rooting reflex?

A

Skin at corners of mouth are stroked –> mouth opens & head turns toward stimulated side

40
Q

What is trunk incurvation?

A

Stroke 1 side of back from shoulder to buttocks

Spine will curve toward stimulated side

41
Q

Absence of trunk incurvation indicates…

A

Transverse SC lesion

42
Q

What is the MC cause of childhood blindness?

A

Amblyopia

43
Q

At what age should you start checking BP?

A

3yo

44
Q

What RFs warrant earlier BP check?

A

Kidney disease, prematurity

Congenital HD, recurrent UTIs, hematuria or proteinuria

45
Q

At what age should you screen for iron deficiency?

A

9-12mos

46
Q

At what age should you screen for lead?

A

1-2yo

47
Q

At what age should you screen for autism?

A

18-24mos

48
Q

What RFs warrant lipid panel testing in 2-10yo?

A

FH of: HLD, early CV disease, obesity, overweight, HTN, DM

49
Q

At what age should one’s 1st dental exam be performed?

A

12mos-3yo

50
Q

How long does the car seat remain rear facing? What height requires booster seat?

A

Until 2yo

4’9” & under

51
Q

At what age, can you sit in the front seat?

A

13

52
Q

What are milestones at 1 month old?

A

Head control
Responds to sounds/noises
Spontaneous smile

53
Q

What are 2 mos milestones?

A

Responsive smile
Coos/vocalizes
Lifts head when prone
Follows TO midline

54
Q

What are 4 mos milestones?

A

Rolls from tummy to back
Laughs, squeals
Follows PAST midline
Grasps toys/objects

55
Q

What are 6 mos milestones?

A
  • Sits w/ support
  • Bears wt on legs
  • “ba, da-da”
  • Reaches out for toys
  • Follows 180 degrees
  • Stranger danger/ separation anxiety
56
Q

What are 9 mos milestones?

A 
Crawls
Pulls up on furniture 
"mama/dada" 
Pincer grasp 
Responds to name
57
Q

What are 12 mos milestones?

A

Walks
Waves
Points
Self feeds w/ fingers

58
Q

What are 15 mos milestones?

A

3-6 words
Climbs stairs
Imitates actions

59
Q

What are 18 mos milestones?

A 
5-15 words
Spoon/fork 
Scribbles
Follows commands 
Runs, walks backward
60
Q

What are 24 mos milestones?

A 
20-50 words
2 word phrases
Kicks
Builds
Speech understandable
61
Q

What are ADEs of the Hep B vaccine?

A

Fever

Pain at injection site

62
Q

What are ADEs of the rotavirus vaccine?

A

Intussusception

V/D, cough, rhinitis

63
Q

What are ADEs of the DTaP vaccine?

A

Swelling, redness at site

Fever

64
Q

What are ADEs of PCV13?

A

Fever, local rxn, irritability , changes in sleep

Febrile seizures if administered w/ flu vaccine

65
Q

What are ADEs of the IPV vaccine?

A

Redness, pain at injection site

66
Q

What are ADEs of the MMR vaccine?

A

Fever
Morbilliform rash
GBS

67
Q

What are ADEs of the Hep A vaccine?

A

Pain, swelling, induration at injection site

HA

Loss of appetite

MJ- Peds Block 1 (7 decks)

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