Western and Eastern Thought

Question 1

Frame of Reference

There is a separation between philosophy and religion/spirituality.

Answer 1

Western

Question 2

Frame of Reference:

Religion and philosophy are intertwined.

Answer 2

Eastern

Question 3

Examples of Schools of
Thought/Belief Systems:

Scholasticism
Rationalism
Empiricism
Phenomenology

Answer 3

Western

Question 4

Examples of Schools of Thought/Belief Systems:

Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Taoism

Answer 4

Eastern

Question 5

Notable Philosophers:

Greek Triumvirate:
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Rene Descartes, John Locke

Answer 5

Western

Question 6

Notable Philosophers:

Confucius, Lao Tzu, Siddharta Gautama (Buddha)

Answer 6

Eastern

Question 7

Source of Knowledge:

Has made use of reason rather to pursue wisdom.

Answer 7

Western

Question 8

Source of Knowledge:

Has trusted intuition and is often associated with religious beliefs.

Answer 8

Eastern

Question 9

Modes of Cognition:

Analytic and deductive

Answer 9

Western

Question 10

Modes of Cognition:

Synthetic and Inductive

Answer 10

Eastern

Question 11

Emphasis:

Distinctions and
oppositions.

Answer 11

Western

Question 12

Emphasis:

Commonalities and harmonies

Answer 12

Eastern

Question 13

View of the Universe and Life:

Linear

Answer 13

Western

Question 14

View of the Universe and Life:

Circular

Answer 14

Eastern

Question 15

View of the Self:

Egocentric

Answer 15

Western

Question 16

View of the Self:

Sociocentric

Answer 16

Eastern

Question 17

Subject-Object Distinction (Bipolar Qualities of Self) :

Duality of self-as-subject (knower) and self-as-object (known)

Answer 17

Western

Question 18

Subject-Object Distinction (Bipolar Qualities of Self) :

Simultaneously subject and object
(The experience of self as both the knower and known)

Answer 18

Eastern

Question 19

Theological View:

Monotheistic

Answer 19

Western

Question 20

Theological View:

Polytheistic (Pluralistic)

Answer 20

Eastern

Question 21

Ideal:

Self-actualization through
personal growth.

Answer 21

Western

Question 22

Ideal:

To achieve a balanced life and find
one’s role in society.

Answer 22

Eastern

Question 23

Cultural Framework:

The self is a distinct and autonomous entity; it is an independent part of the universe and the society.

Answer 23

Western

Question 24

Cultural Framework

Prioritize personal goals over group goals.

Answer 24

Western

Question 24

Cultural Framework

Independence and self- reliance are core values.

Answer 24

Western

Question 25

Cultural Framework

Characterized by exchange relationship.

Answer 25

Western

Question 26

Cultural Framework

Uniqueness, sense of direction, purpose and volition are the acknowledged features of self.

Answer 26

Western

Question 26

Cultural Framework

Personal success is important.

Answer 26

Western

Question 27

Cultural Framework

The self is an integrated part of the universe and the society.

Answer 27

Eastern

Question 28

Cultural Framework

Interdependence and connectedness are core values.

Answer 28

Eastern

Question 29

Cultural Framework

No distinctions between personal and group goals, or if there is distinction, the personal goals are subordinate to the group goals.

Answer 29

Eastern

Question 30

Cultural Framework

Characterized by communal relationship.

Answer 30

Eastern

Question 31

Cultural Framework

Conformity and obedience are essential social behaviors.

Answer 31

Eastern

Question 32

Cultural Framework

Duty towards all others is important.

Answer 32

Eastern

Question 33

System of belief that originates from the Sanskrit word ‘river’.

Answer 33

Hinduism

Question 34

Which among the Eightfold Path means Samma Sati?

Answer 34

Right mindfulness

Question 35

The first or oldest text in Hinduism.

Answer 35

Vedas

Question 36

The oldest religion in the world.

Answer 36

Hinduism