Western Civ Flashcards
(18 cards)
What was the Enlightenment?
an intellectual movement during the 18th century that took place in Western Europe and North America.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
A French nobleman with classical education. (1689-1755)
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
A Swiss-born autodidact. (1712-1778)
What was Montesquieu’s key ideas?
Different types of government for different countries, limited sovereignty, checks & balances.
What was Rousseau’s key ideas?
Corruptive impact of private property, the social contract, the general will, regenerative power of nature.
Who was Adam Smith?
A Scottish philosopher that published The Wealth of Nations in 1776.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
A pledge made by a group of revolutionaries on a tennis court in Paris, France in 1789.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
the man behind the “deputies on missions.”
What was the Conspiracy of Equals?
During spring of 1796, called for more radical democracy and for more equality of power.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
A French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period of scientific and technological development that during the 18th century. Think textiles.
What was Urbanization?
Refers to not only to the rapid growth of cities, but also qualitative changes in human relations and living conditions.
Who were the Bourgeoisie?
traditionally town-dwellers or burghers. The 19th century middle class that included those who invested in industry or trade, in addition to white-collar professionals like bankers, lawyers, teachers and physicians.
Who were the Proletariat?
The 19th century working class expanded to include the laborers in the mills, factories and mines.
What was liberalism?
Political doctrine that takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics.
What was nationalism?
An ideology expressed by people with a devotion and loyalty to their country that takes precedence over obligations to other groups.
What was Socialism?
A political or economic theory that advocates the public ownership and management of property and resources.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
An international conference held in 1814-15 to agree the settlement of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
