Western civ midterm Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
what war influenced Woodrow Wilson’s views toward World War I?
A
Vietnam
2
Q
in 1914, what person in Wilson’s life died?
A
his wife
3
Q
Who had the largest army in the world at the beginning of the 20th century?
A
germany
4
Q
who was the ruler of Germany at the outbreak of WWI?
A
Kaiser Wilhelm
5
Q
after 5 months in WWI, how many were dead?
A
1 million
6
Q
who does Wilson fall in love with?
A
Edith
7
Q
what luxury liner was sunk by Germans?
A
Lusitania
8
Q
how many drowned on the Lusitania?
A
1200
9
Q
when did the Lusitania sink in relation to the Titanic?
A
3 years later
10
Q
what were the “dud” shells nicknamed by British troops?
A
Wilsons
11
Q
how many casualties were in the Battle of Somme?
A
22,000
12
Q
who was sent to Russia by the Germans?
A
Vladimir Lennon
13
Q
what is the only part of Wilson’s plan that he got into the treaty?
A
the league of nations
14
Q
Did the US adopt the Treaty of Versailles?
A
no
15
Q
when was the armistice signed?
A
November 11, 1918
16
Q
how many died in the four years of war?
A
about 40 million
17
Q
who were kaiser Wilhelm’s cousins?
A
Czar Nicholas and King George V
18
Q
who was kaiser Wilhelm’s grandmother?
A
queen Victoria
19
Q
according to their mythological past, Rome’s foundation was connected to two brothers named?
A
Romulus and Remus
20
Q
what language does Rome use?
A
latin
21
Q
what were the two divisions of roman society?
A
Patricians and Plebeians
22
Q
who were the punic wars between?
A
Rome and Pheonicians
23
Q
who marched elephants over the alps to attack Rome?
A
General Hannibal
24
Q
who made up the first Triumvirate?
A
Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
25
Who made up the second Triumvirate?
Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus
26
who was the first roman emperor?
Augustus
27
who was the great 18th century historian of Rome?
Edward Gibbon
28
what are the two major people groups who limited the Roman Empire's expansion?
Germans and Persians
29
who was the roman emperor who established the "Dominate"?
Diocletian
30
how many liberal arts were there?
7
31
what does BC stand for?
"before Christ"
32
what do you call believers in a secret knowledge that emphasized dualism?
Gnosticism
33
what is the belief that those whom Jesus had charged with His mission could pass on that authority to others?
Apostilic Succession
34
who ordered the issuing of the Edict of Milan?
Emperor Constantine
35
arianism was denounced as a heresy at which council?
council of Nicaea
36
which german tribe sacked Rome in 410?
Visigoth
37
who was the author of "The City of God"?
Augustine of Hippo
38
which famous historian blamed the fall of Rome on the Christians?
Edward Gibbon
39
which group forced a great Germanic migration into Rome?
the Huns
40
who is considered to be the last emperor of Rome and the first Byzantine Emperor?
Emperor Justinian
41
What does islam mean?
submission
42
how many pillars of islam are there?
5
43
what year did the last Roman emperor die in Byzantium?
1453
44
T/F: Abelard was first renowned as a great soldier
false
45
T/F: Abelard always wanted to go to Paris but never got to go
false
46
who was Abelard's first teacher?
William of Champeaux
47
who was Heloise's uncle?
Fulbert
48
T/F: Abelard lamented how difficult Scripture was for him to understand
false
49
T/F: Abelard and Heloise had a son together
True
50
T/F: Heloise eagerly married Abelard
false
51
T/F: Abelard is mutilated by Muslims in the Battle of Poitiers
False
52
T/F: Abelard is eventually put in charge of an Abbey
true
53
T/F: Abelard is a surprisingly early feminist
false
54
T/F: Abelard clearly suffers throughout his life from self-doubt
false
55
T/F: there is no such thing as a free market; all markets have rules and costs
True
56
What english/welsh weapon limited the importance of knights (and led to the only legal sport in England for a time)?
longbow
57
what new technology helped the French to drive the English out of France in the later years of the 100 years war?
gun powder
58
what was the rise of capitalism in the West from 1350-1600 known as?
commercial revolution
59
which family/dynasty arose triumphant out of the War of the Roses?
Tudor dynasty
60
King Frederick III ascension as Holy Roman Emperor in 1438 marked the beginning of which dynasty that lasted till 1918?
Habsburg dynasty
61
the rise of which eastern empire posed the greatest threat to Late Medieval Christendom?
ottoman empire
62
Who wrote "The Prince" as a book of advice for the Medici family?
Machiavelli
63
which german invention enabled both the renaissance and the reformation?
printing press
64
who was the most famous christian humanist?
erasmus
65
which city-state first adopted the reforming message of jean calvin?
geneva, switzerland
66
what book brought a sustaining unity to the english reformed church?
book of common prayer
67
what catholic council was called to address the various reforming developments in the church?
council of trent
68
the last religious war in europe ended with what peace conference?
Peace of westphalia
69
what were the three driving forces behind European exploration and expansion?
God (converting the rest of the world to Christianity)
Greed (money)
Glory (pride)
70
what european country led the way in exploration and trade?
portugal
71
what was the last religious war called?
the thirty years war
72
the Americas were named after who?
amerigo vespucci
73
what were the two most developed American tribes?
aztec and incan
74
Which economic theory emphasized the accumulation of wealth in precious metals with a country's borders?
economic theory of mercantilism
75
before europe became the default center of maps, what place was?
Jerusalem
76
what was the last religious war called?
the thirty years war
77
what was the last religious war called?
the thirty years war
78
who was the author of the "Communist Manisfesto"
Karl Marx
79
what did they call those that resisted the rise of machines?
Luddites
80
what was the "greatest invention of human history"?
indoor plumbing
81
what was the most notable and effective terrorist group of the 19th century?
anarchists
82
what was the varied group that "in all its forms wanted to improve workers' rights rights and lives"
socialism
83
who is particularly associated with assembly-line production?
Henry Ford
84
Pavlac puts Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum in which socialist camp?
christian socialism
85
Some people believe that human ethics should embrace selfishness, greed, and exploiting the weak. These folks are inspired by what 19th century scientist?
Charles Darwin (social darwinism)
86
who proved many illnesses come from bacteria and viruses?
Louis Pasteur
87
Samuel Smiles argued that "________ is the root of all genuine growth in the individual; and, exhibited in the lives of many, it constitutes the true source of national vigor and strength"
the spirit of self-help
88
Who is the British socialist who settled New Harmony, Indiana and claimed that if you eliminate the circumstances which tend to create crime, "crime will not be created"?
Robert Owen
89
Who is the British socialist who settled New Harmony, Indiana and claimed that if you eliminate the circumstances which tend to create crime, "crime will not be created"?
Robert Owen
90
what are the rough years of the middle ages?
dark ages
91
who was the greatest survivor of Rome's collapse in Western Europe?
the christian church
92
Who preserved the books of classical antiquity during the middle ages?
monks
93
which german tribe(s) conquered and thrived in England?
anglo-saxons, Franks
94
which german tribe thrived on the continent although was nearly wiped out by muslim invaders?
Franks
95
who was the general of the Franks who stopped the Muslim advance at the Battle of Tours/Poitiers?
Charles Martel
96
who was the figure that embodied the early papacy and is considered one of the four great church fathers?
Gregory I, "the great"
97
which ruler caused the "Carolingain Renaissance"?
Charlemagne
98
what was the best military technology of the age?
knights
99
T/F: a serf had fewer rights than a slave
false
100
what is one of the agricultural developments that improved agricultural production in medieval europe?
three field planting
101
According to the Benedictine Rule, should monks own private property?
no
102
what are the 7 reasons why we study history?
it's His Story, it's inspiring, sociology and psychology by example, totality of education, order to your world, repetition, you are playing a part in history
103
who was the father of history?
herodotus
104
what was considered as the two main camps of history?
sparta vs Athens (thucydides)
105
what is the socratic method?
teaching lessons by asking questions
106
who did socrates teach?
plato
107
who did plato teach?
aristotle
108
who did aristotle teach?
alexander the great
109
who was alexander the great's father?
Philip II of Macedon
110
what are protestants?
non-catholic Christians
111
what was known as the religious revolution that fractured the unity of the church?
reformation
112
what is a bank?
premiere capitalist institutions
113
T/F: Socrates is a sophist
false
114
who was the father of romanticism?
Jean Jacques Rousseau
115
what was plato's most famous work?
the republic
116
who was considered the first idealist?
Plato
117
who are the three types of people, according to Plato?
Philosopher kings ruled by reason (their head), military ruled by will (their chest), providers/workers ruled by appetite (their stomach)
118
what did CS lewis say, concerning Plato's 3 types of people?
by the 20th century, we'd become all head "baconians" Francis Bacon) or all stomach "rousseauians" (jean-jacques rousseau)
119
who was the father of the scientific method?
Francis Bacon (all head full faith in science)
120
what was plato most interested in?
justice
121
what was socrates most interested in?
virtue
122
who was plato's most famous student?
Aristotle
123
what was aristotle most interested in?
happiness (happiness comes from what you ought to be doing, not just what you want to do)
124
who created the academy?
plato
125
who created the Lyceum?
Aristotle
126
according to aristotle, what are the 4 causes in nature?
material cause (what it's made of), efficient cause (what it took to make this), formal cause (what is the form), final cause (what is its ultimate purpose for existing)
127
what does aristotle mean by the "golden mean"?
the correct thing to do is found in the middle of 2 extremes
128
who was known as the greatest general in history?
Alexander the Great
129
what two people were the centerpiece of Plutarch's "Lives of the Famous Greeks and Romans"?
Alexander the great and Julius Caesa
130
when was the Roman Republic founded?
509 BC
131
when did Romulus found the Roman state?
753 BC
132
what does the ideal Roman look like?
a man of family, mind, and action
133
what are the 3 key lessons against romans for others?
Laborum (against the "strange empty dream of idleness")
Pietas (Humility before gods, love of country, embrace of duty)
Fatum (Roman duty to resist barbarism, maintain cause of justice and order)
134
what do you call the oldest male member of the familia who had life-and-death power over the familia
pater familias
135
what do you call the totality of persons living together in one or more associated dwellings?
the familia
136
what are the years of CIncinnatus?
519-430 BC
137
who wrote the first history of Rome in Latin?
Cato the Elder (234-149 BC)
138
who resisted Julius Caesar to the point of suicide?
Cato the Younger (95-46 BC)
139
who was known as the orator?
Cicero (106-43 BC)
140
who wrote the Aeneid?
Virgil (70-19 BC)
141
what greek became a roman citizen?
Plutarch (46-120 AD)
142
who was one of the greatest generals of all time who attacked from the alps on an army of war elephants?
Hannibal
143
what battle was hannibal defeated, ending the 2nd punic war?
battle of zama
144
who was one of the greatest roman generals of all time that defeated hannibal?
Scipio
145
who crossed the rubicon with his army to seize control from Pompey?
Julius Caeser
146
who assassinated Julius Caesar?
Brutus and Cassius
147
when was Julius Caesar assassinated?
Ides of March (March 15), 44 BC
148
who was considered the first emperor of Rome?
Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
149
what was caesar augustus named?
Imperator (invincible, all conquering general) Caesar Divi Filius (son of God) Augustus (the Blessed one)
150
when was Marc Antony defeated?
at the battle of actium in 31 BC
