Western Europe

Question 1

North Atlantic Drift

Answer 1

North Atlantic Drift An oceanic surface current in the North Atlantic, which flows from the Grand Banks off New-found land eastwards to north-western Europe, forming a northerly extension of the Gulf Stream.

Question 1

Monastery

Answer 1

A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns. A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which may be a chapel, church, or temple.

Question 2

Charlemagne

Answer 2

Charlemagne was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814.

Question 3

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 3

Holy Roman Empire, the varying complex of lands in western and central Europe ruled by the Holy Roman emperor, a title held first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries. The Holy Roman Empire existed from 800 to 1806.

Question 4

Feudalism

Answer 4

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.

Question 5

Manorialism

Answer 5

Manorialism, also known as the manor system or manorial system, was the method of land ownership in Europe.

Question 6

The Battle of Hastings/William The Conqueror

Answer 6

The Battle of Hastings was a decisive battle that took place in 1066 just north of the town of Hastings, East Sussex. William the Conqueror defeated the forces of the Anglo-Saxon king Harold II.

Question 7

Papacy

Answer 7

According to Roman Catholicism, the history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Catholic Church, spans from the time of Peter to the present day.

Question 8

Monarch

Answer 8

A monarch is a head of state for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy.

Question 9

Magna Carta

Answer 9

The Magna Carta is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor.

Question 10

The Crusades

Answer 10

Crusades, military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion.

Question 11

Pope Urban II

Answer 11

Pope Urban II was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death.

Question 12

Saladin

Answer 12

Saladin was a Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyūbid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes.

Question 13

Richard I

Answer 13

Richard I, known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199.

Question 14

The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

Answer 14

Black Death, pandemic that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, taking a proportionately greater toll of life than any other known epidemic or war up to that time.

Question 15

The Hundred Years War

Answer 15

The Hundred Years War was a series of armed conflicts fought between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages.

Question 16

Joan of Arc

Answer 16

Joan of Arc known in English as Joan of Arc, was a French peasant girl whose visions of angels led her to become a military leader.

Question 17

Henry V

Answer 17

Henry V was the king of England (1413–22) of the house of Lancaster, son of Henry IV. As victor of the Battle of Agincourt (1415, in the Hundred Years’ War with France), he made England one of the strongest kingdoms in Europe.

Question 18

Reconquista

Answer 18

The Reconquista was a centuries-long series of battles by Christian states to expel the Muslims (moors).

Question 19

Queen Isabella

Answer 19

Isabella I, also called Isabella the Catholic, was Queen of Castile and León from 1474 until her death in 1504. She was also Queen of Aragon from 1479 until her death as the wife of King Ferdinand II…

Question 20

King Ferdinand

Answer 20

Ferdinand II was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also King of Castile from 1475 to 1504.

Question 21

Inquisition

Answer 21

The Inquisition was a judicial procedure and a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics.

Question 22

Iberian Peninsula

Answer 22

Iberian Peninsula, peninsula in southwestern Europe, occupied by Spain and Portugal.