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Values Ed. > Western Philosophy > Flashcards

Western Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

• Pre-Socratic and renowned as one of the
legendary Seven Wise Men or Sophoi
• The First European Philosopher
• Concerned with explaining what the world is really made up of and the changes happening around it

A

THALES

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2
Q

• He was the first philosopher who was concerned
with the problem of the self
• According to him, the true task of the
philosopher is to know oneself
• The unexamined life is not worth living
• The worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside

A

SOCRATES

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3
Q

• Student of Socrates
• Agreed with Socrates’ idea that humans have a
dual nature of the body and soul
• He added that there are 3 components of the
soul:

A

PLATO

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4
Q

3 components of the
soul:

A
  1. RATIONAL SOUL
  2. SPIRITED SOUL
  3. APPETITIVE SOUL
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5
Q

– forged by reason and
intellect

A
  1. RATIONAL SOUL
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6
Q

– in charge of emotions

A
  1. SPIRITED SOUL
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7
Q

– in charge of basic
desires like eating, drinking, sleeping,
and having sex

A
  1. APPETITIVE SOUL
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8
Q

Cardinal Virtues

A
  1. Prudence
  2. Courage
  3. Justice
  4. Temperance
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9
Q
  • controls the intellect in making choices
A
  1. Prudence
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10
Q
  • controls emotions in facing danger
A
  1. Courage
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11
Q
  • controls the will in relating with others
A
  1. Justice
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12
Q
  • controls desires and passions
A
  1. Temperance
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13
Q
  • Student of Plato
  • He defined the self in relation to being selfish
  • Selfishness for him is needed so that we can be able to serve a higher purpose.
A

ARISTOTLE

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14
Q
  • goal of people or end (Telos)
  • attain the highest of the pinnacle of humanity or
    being a flourishing person.
  • it can also mean happiness and living well
A

Eudaimonia

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15
Q
  • His view of the human person follows the view
    of Plato and infusing it with the doctrine of
    Christianity
  • An aspect of man dwells in the world and is
    imperfect and continuously yearns to be with the Divine and the other is capable of reaching immortality
A

ST. AUGUSTINE / AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

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16
Q

– we are affected by the first sin
done by Adam and Eve

A

Original Sin

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17
Q

– the center is God

A

Moral Character

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18
Q
  • The most eminent thirteenth century scholar
    and steward of the medieval philosophy
  • Adapting some ideas from Aristotle, he believed
    that man is composed of two parts.
A

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

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19
Q

– common stuff that makes up
everything in the universe

A
  1. Matter
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20
Q

– essence of a substance or thing
(humans are set apart from other animals
because of existence of soul)

A
  1. Form
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21
Q

Type of Law

A
  1. Eternal Law
  2. Natural Law
  3. Divine Law
  4. Human Law
22
Q

– the order of creations as it
preexists in the divine mind, the whole cosmos
is made by God in its rightful place.

A
  1. Eternal Law
23
Q

– that part of God’s law that is
incorporated into human nature, rational
creature participation in eternal law.

A
  1. Natural Law
24
Q

– the law that man receives by
special revelation from God

A
  1. Divine Law
25
Q

– law devised by man for specific
purposes

A
  1. Human Law
26
Q
  • Father of Modern Philosophy
  • Self is dualistic
  • Conceived of the human person as having:
    1. BODY – a machine that is attached to the
    mind
    2. MIND – makes man a man
A

RENE DESCARTES

27
Q
  • German philosopher who developed the
    dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress
    of history
  • Relationship between the self and otherness
    (term in phenomenology) is the fundamental
    defining characteristics of human awareness and
    activity
A

GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL

28
Q

– articulate a viewpoint or idea

A
  1. Thesis
29
Q

– articulate the problems with the
thesis

A
  1. Antithesis
30
Q

– share a new viewpoint (a modified
thesis) that resolves the problem

A
  1. Synthesis
31
Q

• Often treated as a revolutionary and an activist
rather than a philosopher
• His works inspired foundation of many
communist regimes
• Wrote Das Kapital

A

KARL MARX

32
Q

– distinct kind of social ill

A

Alienation

33
Q

• In 1930’s this concept was used and was known
as Marxist Philosophy
• Also known as Diamat

A

Dialectical Materialism

34
Q

The Process of Dialectical Materialism is Govern by 3 Laws

A
  1. The law of unity and conflict of opposites
  2. The law of transition of quantity into quality
  3. The law of negation
35
Q
  • all phenomena consist of mutually contradictory elements, and that change is the result of their internal contradictions.
A
  1. The law of unity and conflict of opposites
36
Q
  • describes how quantitative changes leads to qualitative change
A
  1. The law of transition of quantity into quality
37
Q
  • every stage of the development of private
    ownership of the means of production grows out of its predecessor and negates it
A
  1. The law of negation
38
Q

• Known for his theory that man is evolving,
mentally and socially toward a final spiritual
unity.
• Blending Science and Christianity
• Writings of him were scientific and concerned
mostly with mammalian paleontology
• Reconcile evolutionary biology and religion

A

PIERRE TEILHARD DE CHARDIN

39
Q

– creation of universe through
evolution

A

Cosmogenesis

40
Q

– development from simple atoms to
humankind

A

• Evolution

41
Q
  • birth of the cosmos
  • the continuing expansion of the universe
A

Cosmogenesis / geogenesis

42
Q
  • continuing growth of life
A
  1. Biogenesis
43
Q
  • emergence of human beings and the birth of
    thought
  • gradual evolution of the human mind both
    individually and collectively
A
  1. Noogenesis / Noosphere
44
Q
  • birth of God in Christ
  • the end of evolution and the omega point
A
  1. Christogenesis
45
Q

• German social and ethical philosopher
• Values could only be felt
• Values can be organized by reason after it had
been experienced.
• The essence of human existence is in the human
heart or the seat of love rather than ego

A

MAX SCHELER

46
Q

Hierarchical Doctrine of Values

A
  1. Values of the Holy
  2. Spiritual Values
  3. Vital Values
  4. Pleasure Values
47
Q

– appear only in regard to
objects intentionally given as absolute objects.
Highest value that are directly pertaining to the
Supreme Being.

A
  1. Values of the Holy
48
Q

– values independent of the
whole sphere of the body and of the
environment. Grasped in spiritual acts of
preferring, loving and hating.

A
  1. Spiritual Values
49
Q

– pertains to the well-being of the
individual or of the community

A
  1. Vital Values
50
Q

– the pleasant against the
unpleasant

A
  1. Pleasure Values

Values Ed. (5 decks)

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