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Westward expansion Flashcards

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1
Q

what were cash crops and why were they bad

A

When farmers would grow one single, more desirable crop e.g wheat

This means if prices of this crop fell it would impact the farmers more dramatically

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2
Q

describe railroad prices for farmers

A

did not drop in comparison to crop prices

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3
Q

what did farmers sometimes do with their crops if the prices fell

A

burn them for fuel as it was cheaper

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4
Q

when did Custer lead men into the Black Hills of Dakota

A

1874
Lead an army of 1000 men

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5
Q

Loans for farmers problems

A

Monopolistic lenders would only lend farmers money for high interest as it was high risk
Interest 3% higher than in north

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6
Q

When were the two panics in the gilded age

A

1873 and 1893

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7
Q

What was the average income of the poorest 11m families 1890

A

$1200/yr
Avg. of this group $380/yr (below poverty line)

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8
Q

How was manifest destiny justified

A

‘Be fruitful and multiply’ from the bible
Spreading civilised Christian values
American exceptionalism linked back to founding fathers
Beacon of freedom

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9
Q

Continentalism meaning

A

America should expand to the whole continent

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10
Q

when was Alaska bought and for how much

A

1867
$7.2m

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11
Q

when was the term manifest destiny coined

A

1845

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12
Q

How many members did the Knights of Labour have in 1886

A

800k

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13
Q

When was the AFL formed and who formed it

A

1886
Samuel Gompers

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14
Q

How many labourers killed at woek per week 1882

A

675 avg.

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15
Q

how much money for a child’s 14hr working day in the 1880s/1890s

A

27 cents

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16
Q

limitations to manifest destiny

A

some thought the costs of a huge country would be too high
some thought it went against the values of a true republic

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17
Q

Why would an immigrant be reluctant to move west

A

Clusters of culture e.g Chinatown- nice community so wouldn’t want to move

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18
Q

Why would factory owners oppose westward expansion

A

needed labour in cities

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19
Q

What was formed in 1894 to oppose immigration

A

Immigration Restriction league

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20
Q

How many immigrants moved 1860-1890

A

10m

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21
Q

What % lived in cities 1900 vs 1860

A

40% vs 20%

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22
Q

What were the Orange Riots and when

A

1870-1871
Riots between Irish Catholics and Protestants

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23
Q

Word for tension between old and new immigrants

A

Nativism

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24
Q

when was the first Chinese exclusion act and what did it do

A

1882
Made it hard to return if visited China

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25
What % of Californians were Chinese 1880
9%
26
When was the twine binder invented and who by
John Appleby Patented 1878
27
When was the gasoline tractor invented
1892
28
when was barbed wire invented
1873
29
What fraction of Americans worked in agriculture at the end of the 19th century
1/3
30
Which pest infested crops 1892
Boll Weevil
31
What prevented farmers buying new machinery
Had to get expensive loans
32
Where did US farmers have to compete with internationally
Australia
33
What % of black and white farmers were tenant farmers 1890
75% black and 25-35% white
34
How many bushels of wheat produced 1900
600m
35
What did the government do to aid the development of the railroads
provided $200m of grants gave $16,000/mile of transcontinental railroad produced
36
How many miles of railroad by 1890
163k
37
When were time zones introduced and what did this do
1883- 4 time zones more efficient trains
38
when was the first transcontinental railroad made
1869
39
What did the pacific railroad act do and when was it
1862 Allowed the building of a transcontinental railroad Granted 19m hectares
40
How many transcontinental railroads were build with help from federal grants
4/5
41
What did the Homestead Act do and when was it
1862 Provided 160 acres if would farm it for 5 years
42
What did the Timber and Culture Act do and when was it
1873 Provided an extra 160 acres if 40 was planted with trees
43
What did the desert land act do and when was it
1877 640 acres at $1.25 if some was irrigated
44
How many Bonanza farms by 1880
3,000
45
When did lots of cattle die
cold winters 1885-87
46
How much money could cowboys get land at
50 cents/ acre
47
When did the meatpacking industry in Chicago develop
1868
48
When was the Sioux Treaty signed
1868
49
What did the Sioux treaty do
establish the Sioux reservation
50
What was Grant's policy on native Americans
assimilation and reservation
51
When were the Quakers sent to the West and why
1877 To enforce 'moral standards'
52
What did Hayes do to help natives
rooted out corruption in the Bureau of Indian affairs
53
when was the Treaty of Laramie and what did it do
1868 recognised the black hills as belonging to the Sioux Tribe
54
when were the Lincoln county wars and who was fighting
1878-1881 cattle ranchers arguing over land and influence Billy the Kid involved
55
what was the reaction to Custer's death and when did he die
1876 at the battle of little bighorn his widow painted him as a hero
56
when were pullman sleeping cars introduced
1865
57
when was the battle of little bighorn
1876
58
How many of Sitting Bull's supporters died at the Battle of LB
around 50
59
when was the Oklahoma land rush
1889
60
hiw many people participated in the Oklahoma land rush
50,000
61
when was the massacre of sand creek
1864
62
what happened at sand creek
148 of the Cheyenne tribe were slaughtered by 600 of the Colorado militia
63
when was the wounded knee massacre and how many died
1890 150-300
64
how many buffalo by 1890
less than 1,000
65
how many buffalo 1850
up to 60m
66
what did the General Allotment Act do
reduced the Sioux reservation to 20% of its sized in the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie 1887
67
when did US congress cut the Lakota ration budget
1889
68
Captain Pratt's catchphrase about native americans
kill the indian, save the man
69
how many children buried at the Carlisle school cemetery
over 200
70
when was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School made and why was it significant
1879 used as a model for other schools- e.g half day of school, half day of vocational training (so Natives could go into poorly-paid jobs)

US History (15 decks)

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