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Westward Movement Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

John Jacob Astor

A

Raced a boat and a trail party, water was faster, but Robert Stuart accidentally discovered Oregon Trail on the way to notify Astor of the sea win.

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2
Q

Donner Party

A

George Donner led the party
Took Lansford Hastings Cutoff (200 miles longer and through salt marsh desert)
Got to Truckee Lake (Sierra Nevada Mountains) when worst snowstorm in California history hit ( less than 100 miles away from safety at Sutter’s Fort)
Sent Forlorn Hope (15 people) to get help while rest of party waited at the lake. Got lost and resorted to cannibalism
Lake- a camp for winter and had to eat the dead to survive
46 of 87 survived. 2/3 of women and children survived, 2/3 of men
Caused decline in the Westward Movement
Now known as Donner Lake

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3
Q

Brigham Young

A

In Missouri, Joseph Smith was killed and Brigham Young becomes the new leader

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4
Q

Sam Houston

A

Led victory at San Jacinto on April 21, 1836

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5
Q

Joseph Smith

A

Founded Christian religion called the Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints)

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6
Q

Mexican War

A

Addition of Texas had America looking to CA

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7
Q

California Trail

A

Same as Oregon Trail until South Pass, goes towards California
John Sutter had fort near Sacramento, gold discovered at fort
1849 gold rush, 49ers

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8
Q

Samuel Slater

A

Brought blueprints from Britain and sparked Industrial Revolution

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9
Q

Native American Pacification

A

Colonial to 1830

Suppress or eliminate Indians with military force

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10
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

1830
Forced Indians west on Mississippi River
Trail of Tears

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11
Q

Trail of Tears

A 
Ordered at gunpoint
800 miles
Poor boats, spoiled food, cold, disease
100,000 moved and over 4000 killed
By 1845, Indians not a problem (driven away) until Westward Movement
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12
Q

Indian Reservations

A

Indian Territory lands opened up to whites and Indians forced on to reservations
By 1880, nearly all either exterminated or on reservation

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13
Q

Allotment/Dawes Act of 1887

A

Reservations divided among Indian families
Didn’t understand- sold
By 1935, Indians lost 2/3 of land from 1887

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14
Q

Indian Reorganization Act

A 
1934
Ended allotment
Surplus land was given to tribes
Government jobs
Time
Time not right for reform
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15
Q

Assimilate

A

The 1950s
Termination of reservations
Allotment in a different form

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16
Q

Fort Laramie

A

Largest trading post on the Oregon Trail

Extremely expensive

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17
Q

Independence Rock

A

People were there around Independence Day

Pioneers carved their names

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18
Q

Texas Independence Day

A

March 2, 1836

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19
Q

Mormons

A

Christian religion founded by Joseph Smith
Ran out of New York
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Go to Ohio, ran out
Go to Missouri, Smith assassinated, Brigham Young becomes new leader.

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20
Q

Mormon Trail

A

Mormon Trail went to the Great Salt Lake

In Utah area, Mormons wanted to become the state of Deseret, by 1896, enough non Mormons to become Utah

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21
Q

Industrial Revolution

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A

From farming to manufacturing (ONLY IN NORTH)
Home before now machines too big and often water powered by a river- factories
Boom- War of 1812 cut off foreign goods so the US produced its own

22
Q

Francis Cabot Lowell

Study These Flashcards
A

(MA)- textile factory and community

23
Q

Lowell Girls

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A

10,000 “Lowell girls”, young women worked until married (sent money home to family), had church and rules

24
Q

Factory Conditions

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A

Pay 1/2 for women and kids (squeezed into areas) 12 hours per day/ 6 days a week

25
Interchangeable Parts
Interchangeable parts- Eli Whitney, gun parts made by hand before, so all different, now machine made so all same, grew to clocks, etc.
26
Cities
Moved off farm to near factory. 1800- 6% live in cities, 1850- 15% live in cities, 1920- more than 50% live in cities
27
Transportation
Turnpikes- charged for roads (gravel and stone) (National Road) Steamboats- steam engine powered- faster and more comfy Canals- (rivers and lakes)- Erie, Connected Great Lakes with Hudson River and connected western farmers. Could ship goods to port of New York Railroad
28
Cholera
1st Part of Trail: Leading cause of death (over 20,000)
29
Great Plains
1st Part of Trail: Independence, MO to Rocky Mountains
30
Fuel
1st Part of Trail: Few trees- needed fuel for cooking- buffalo dung, used furniture also
31
Front and Back of Wagon Train
1st Part of Trail: Hot and dusty- Front OK, back- breathed dust-filled air
32
Streams
1st Part of Trail: Sometimes dry Sometimes flooded Sometimes neither- still had quicksand and sudden drop-offs
33
Food Supply
1st Part of Trail: Couldn't be sure of finding enough grass for animals Result- Pioneers had to move farther from the trail to find grass.
34
Inclines and Declines
Uphill and downhill
35
Swift Moving Streams
Carried away wagons and animals
36
Uneven trail
Trail not continuous | Ended next to the rock, picked up 5 feet higher
37
Blizzards
Death if caught (Donner Party)
38
Texas
In the 1820s, America looked with eager eyes toward Texas, now owned by Mexico.
39
Moses and Stephen F. Austin
Mexican government large tracts of land to develop | In return 4 catches...
40
1830
New dictator General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna "closed door" to Texas Texans consider themselves Americans Wanted Constitution of 1824 to be honored
41
October 2, 1835
Gonzales: "Come and Take It"
42
February 23, 1836
Alamo 150 Texans vs 3000 Mexicans for 12 days 13th day, Mexicans storm and killed all (including Davy Crockett) Rally cry- "Remember…" and government Followed by other defeats (Goliad massacre)
43
March 2, 1836
TX independence | TX looked to America for help, none came
44
April 21, 1836
Sam Houston led victory at San Jacinto | Had only a single star on flag (Lone Star Republic) to signify fighting alone
45
1846
TX annexed as a state
46
Mexican War
Addition of Texas, had America looking to CA
47
War was sparked by...
Pres. James K. Polk sent troops to Rio Grande to guard Texas border
48
May 9, 1846
Mexicans attacked | Polk asked for declaration of war
49
1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexicans forced to give up CA, NV, UT, NM, AZ, and parts of CO and WY Called Mexican Cession, US agreed to pay $15 million Grant- "most unjust war in American history"
50
Star Spangled Banner
Used to be a poem called "The Defense of Fort McHenry" Wrote it on a British ship, tried to free captive, watched battle Wasn't national anthem until 1931 Used to be a drinking song Meant he wondered whether the American flag was still there, if we had won the battle Congreve bombs- bad aim, "rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air" Can see flag still there
51
Westward Movement General Timeline
1840s-1850s 1818- England let US occupy Oregon Oregon Trail to get to Oregon Took 6-10 months to get to Oregon, 15 miles per day Went for land, better life, propaganda, fertile soil, no sickness, no slavery, no politics, better weather, adventure, Manifest Destiny, gold (CA), new start, preachers, romance, entrepreneurs, Before 1848 =20,000 1849-1843=6 over 200,000 1804-1806- Lewis and Clark 1810- John Jacob Astor Robert Stuart- Oregon Trail discoverer 1836- Marcus Whitman (1st down Trail in wagon) South Pass- 12 mile gap in Rockies 1843- 1st 1000 wagons from Independence, MI 1846- England gave US OR
52
4 Catches to settling Mexican owned Texas
Become Catholic, learn Spanish, follow Mexican law, and (insert other one here)

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