WH #2

Question 1

When did the Roman Bishop (Leo I) claim supremacy over all other bishops?

Answer 1

c. 440 AD

Question 2

When was the Restoration of Icons in the Eastern Church?

Answer 2

c. 843 AD

Question 3

When did the “Great Schism” (east-west) begin?

Answer 3

c. 1054 AD (ends 1965)

Question 4

When was Constantinople attacked as part of the Fourth Crusade?

Answer 4

c. 1204 AD

Question 5

What is canonization?

Answer 5

In the RCC, the definitive sentence by which the pope declares a particular dead person to have already entered into heavenly glory and ordains for the new “saint” a public cult throughout the Church

Question 6

What is the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 6

Muslim Empire of the Turks, established in northern Asia Minor by Osman I, ultimately capture Constantinople

Question 7

Who are the Seljuk?

Answer 7

a Turkish dynasty that ruled parts of Asia Minor

Question 8

Byzantium became what?

Answer 8

Constantinople

Question 9

What is modern-day Constantinople?

Answer 9

Istanbul, Turkey

Question 10

What was an advantage of Constantinople’s site?

Answer 10

It was strategically located for commercial and political influence.

Question 11

Byzantine history can be summarized by what?

Answer 11

periods

Question 12

What are the four periods of Byzantine history?

Answer 12

Expansion, Peril, Recovery, Disintegration

Question 13

What is the Expansion Period?

Answer 13

the reign of Justinian

Question 14

What is the Peril Period?

Answer 14

the iconoclastic controversy

Question 15

What are icons in the Peril period?

Answer 15

religious images used to foster worship, flat pictures, mosaics

Question 16

Who were iconoclasts in the Peril period?

Answer 16

people who tried to destroy all icons

Question 17

What remained a part of Eastern Orthodoxy in the Peril Period?

Answer 17

the veneration of icons was allowed and they remained a part of Eastern Orthodoxy

Question 18

What is the Recovery Period?

Answer 18

Byzantium experienced a “Golden Age”

Question 19

What is the Disintegration Period?

Answer 19

The Byzantium Empire began to fall apart : lost at Manzikert to Muslim Seljuk Turks

Question 20

What is an economic reason for the Byzantine Empire’s Endurance?

Answer 20

They were opposed to a barter economy, instead they possessed a money economy.

Question 21

What is the militarial reason for the Byzantine Empire’s Endurance?

Answer 21

They possessed advanced military science, “Greek fire” worked like napalm (a fire bomb or flame thrower)

Question 22

What is the governmental reason for the Byzantine Empire’s endurance?

Answer 22

The Empire was a centralized administration

Question 23

What was the religious reason for the Byzantine Empire’s endurance?

Answer 23

church/state closely tied

Question 24

What was the church/state link called and what did it do?

Answer 24

Caesaropapism, it enhanced unity and stability

Question 25

What was the Orthodox Church considered?

Answer 25

Greek or Eastern

Question 26

What are the three main branches of Christianity?

Answer 26

Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestantism

Question 27

What do the Orthodox (Greek/Eastern) assert?

Answer 27

the internal witness of the promised Holy Spirit keeps the truth

Question 28

What does the Roman Catholic Church assert?

Answer 28

asserts spiritual authority in: tradition, the pope, & the Scriptures

Question 29

What does Protestantism assert?

Answer 29

asserts that spiritual authority rests in the inerrant Word of God (sola scriptura)

Question 30

What does Orthodox theology emphasize?

Answer 30

emphasizes sanctification-with justification being virtually absent

Question 31

How did the Barbarian invasions impact Rome?

Answer 31

they brought an upsurge in the Papacy's rise/position/authority

Question 32

The Pope's claim of supreme authority is based on which two factors, which slowly coalesced?

Answer 32

Petrine Theory, Apostolic Succession

Question 33

What is the Petrine Theory?

Answer 33

The RCC insists that Christ gave to Peter a special rank as the 1st bishop of Rome & leader of the Apostles-Peter was the first pope & all subsequent popes inherited his authority

Question 34

What is Apostolic Succession?

Answer 34

refers to bishops tracing a direct line of authority through the Apostles back to Christ