WH chapter 13 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles
A
Celts
2
Q
a special group of Celtic men who acted as teachers, judges, and priests
A
Druids
3
Q
Germanic tribes that invaded the Celts
A
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
4
Q
wandering poets who write long poems about war heroes
A
scops
5
Q
a missionary appointed by Pope Gregory I
A
Augustine
6
Q
First Archbishop of Canterbury
A
Augustine
7
Q
a group of Vikings who controlled most of England by 870
A
Danes
8
Q
first great English king
A
Alfred the Great (Saxon)
9
Q
became king of England in 1016
A
Canute the Dane
10
Q
people who fought the Battle of Hastings
A
William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy who won) and Harold Godwin (the most powerful noble)
11
Q
line of kings named for Henry II
A
Plantagenet Kings (he wore a flower)
12
Q
laws common to all men based on case-by-case study
A
common law (Plantagenet)
13
Q
group of people called to give a verdict in regard to legal matter
A
trial by jury (Plantagenet)
14
Q
Henry II’s son who spent only 6 months in England
A
Richard the Lionhearted (Plantagenet)
15
Q
Richard the Lionhearted’s mother who ran the kingdom
A
Eleanor of Aquitaine
16
Q
most hated king in English history
A
John
17
Q
one for the most important documents in the history of the world
A
Magna Carta
18
Q
_____ clearly defined the ancient rights and privileges of the people
A
Magna Carta (Great Charter)
19
Q
written plan that set up a form of government and establishes its basic government principles
A
constitution
20
Q
John’s son who was a weak king of England
A
Henry III
21
Q
____ led a rebellion of nobles and called the first meeting of Parliament
A
Simon de Montfort
22
Q
first pure Englishman since the Norman conquest
A
Edward I (“Longshanks”)
23
Q
_____ established Model Parliament
A
Edward I (Plantagenet)
24
Q
war fought between England and France for several years
A
Hundred Years’ War
25
peasant girl who led the French army to a few victories before she was captured
Joan of Arc
26
______ won the Hundred Years' War
France (England lost all their land in France except the port of Calais)
27
the last Plantagenet king who lost the throne and "played tyrant"
Richard II
28
started the dynasty of Lancaster
Henry IV
29
Lancasterian king who went insane
Henry VI
30
Duke of York who became king
Edward IV
31
the War of Roses was fought between _____
the House of Lancaster and the House of York
32
first Tudor king of England who united the Yorks and Lancasters in marriage
Henry VII (won the War of Roses at the Battle of Bosworth Field)
33
_______ marks the beginning of the modern nation of France
the Capetian line of kings that began with Hugh Capet
34
Capetian king who challenged the nobles' power
Louis VI
35
____ made the French monarchy stronger than any other single noble
Philip Augustus (II)
36
became one of France's most memorable kings
Louis IX
37
made France the most powerful country in Europe
Louis IX
38
reigned as a French king during the climax of quarrel with the papacy (Pope Boniface VIII)
Philip IV
39
French version of Parliament
Estates-General
40
Spain is located on the _______
Iberian Peninsula
41
large prosperous city founded by the Phoenicians on the Iberian Peninsula
Cadiz
42
Roman name for Spain
Hispania
43
Muslim Moors invaded Spain in ___
711
44
great center of Moorish culture and Spain's capital at the time
Cordova
45
famous alcazar in Granada
Alhambra
46
Spanish crusade to take back Spain from the Moors (11th Century)
Reconquista
47
kingdom of Spain that became the most powerful and led the other kingdoms in conquering the northern half of Spain
Castile
48
Spanish national hero who recaptured Valencia
El Cid
49
_____ united the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile
Ferdinand and Isabella
50
Columbus's discovery of the New World sparked ______ for Spain
"Golden Century"
51
wrote a grammar book for the Castilians’ language that became the basis for the modern Spanish tongue
Antonio de Nebrija
52
thousands of Moors, Jews, and other non-Romanists faced torture, imprisonment, exile, or death
Spanish Inquisition
53
first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition
Torquemada
54
Roman name for Portugal
Lusitania
55
French knight named Count of Portugal
Henry of Burgundy
56
Portugal became independent under _____
Alfonso Henriques
57
Portugal's capital city
Lisbon
58
_______ 's reign marked the beginning of Portugal's greatest days of glory
John I
59
when the European nations began in earnest to explore distant lands
Age of Exploration
60
name for modern European civilization
Western Civilization
61
Viking explorer from before the age of exploration
Leif Ericson
62
device used to measure stars above the horizon
astrolabe
63
son of Italian merchant who wrote “The Kingdoms and Marvels of the East”
Marco Polo
64
major objective of the age of exploration
find a sea route to the Far East
65
the son of King John I who spent his life avidly promoting Portuguese navigation
Prince Henry the Navigator
66
sailed to the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope
Bartolomeu Dias
67
rounded the Cape of Good Hope and was the first to reach the Far East by sea
Vasco de Gama
68
Italian explorer who planned to conquer the "Indies"
Christopher Columbus
69
Columbus:
1. set sail
2. arrived at the New World
1. Aug. 3, 1492
2. Oct. 12, 1492
70
the New World took its name to honor his explorations and writings
Amerigo Vespucci
71
tribe on San Salvador
Arawak
72
tribe whom the Carribeans get their name from
Carib
73
Built the first great civilization in the Western Hemisphere
Mayans (Yucatan Peninsula)
74
the most important civilization in South America
Incas (Peru/Andes Mtns.)
75
Incan language still spoken in Peru today
Quechua
76
most powerful empire in the Western Hemisphere at the beginning of the Age of Exploration
Aztecs
77
capital city of the Aztec empire that is modern day Mexico City
Tenochtitlan
78
“conquerors” who eagerly explored the New World in hopes of bringing glory to Spain and spreading Romanism
Spanish conquistadors
79
first Spanish explorer to land on the North American mainland
Ponce de Leon
80
crossed the Isthmus of Panama and discovered the Pacific Ocean
Vasco de Balboa
81
Portuguese sailor who went on a three-year voyage around the world and was the first to circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan
82
conquered the Aztecs and their chieftain Montezuma II
Hernando Cortes
83
conquered the Inca of Peru
Francisco Pizarro
84
discovered the Grand Canyon
Francisco Coronado
85
discovered the Mississippi River
Hernando de Soto
86
explored the coast of California
Juan Cabrillo
87
ended the rivalry between Spain and Portugal over land in the New World
Line of Demarcation
88
discovered Brazil for Portugal
Pedro Cabral
89
supposed water route through North America to the Pacific
Northwest Passage
90
discovered the St. Lawrence River
Jacques Cartier
91
first modern explorer to reach the North American mainland
John Cabot
92
line of kings that was known for making laws
Plantagenet
93
the ______ recognized the Bible is more important than any book about man or any other subject
Northern Renaissance
94
master of the Hebrew language who revolutionized the study of the Old Testament
Johann Reuchlin
95
Reuchlin’s great nephew, master of Greek, Latin, Classical Literature, and the Word of God; called the "Preceptor of Germany"
Philipp Melanchthon
96
dean of St. Paul's Cathedral in London who established St. Paul's School
John Colet
97
king's chancellor influenced by Colet and the humanities who was executed by King Henry VIII
Thomas More
98
produced the first printed English translation of the New Testament from the original Greek
William Tyndale
99
one of the leading French Renaissance scholars; translated the Vulgate to French
Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples
100
started the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
101
a friar who sold indulgences throughout Germany
Tetzel
102
statements Luther posted on the church in Wittenburg's door
Ninety-five Theses
103
prince of Germany at Luther's time
Frederick the Wise
104
an assembly of princes and high church officials
diet
105
____ was at odds with the papacy; the pope's representative, Cardinal Cajetan tried to get Luther to retract his Theses and he refused, saying the pope could make mistakes
Diet of Augsburg
106
renowned Romanist theologian who Luther debated at Leipzig; Luther was forced to clarify his views and Theses
Johann Eck
107
Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire that declared Martin Luther a heretic and outlaw at the Diet of Worms with the Edict of Worms
Charles V
108
name Luther used while hiding in Frederick the Wise's Wartburg Castle
"Knight George"
109
scholar from the Netherlands who was the most famous figure of the Northern Renaissance and translated the New Testament into Greek
Desiderius Erasmus
110
a priest in Switzerland who attacked the sale of indulgences and was called the people's priest
Ulrich Zwingli
111
French Protestant who wrote "The Institutes of the Christian Religion"
John Calvin
112
single most influential reformation book apart from the Bible
"The Institutes of the Christian Religion" (by John Calvin)
113
group of Swiss Protestants led by Conrad Grebel
Anabaptists ("rebaptizer")
114
Scottish hero
Sir William Wallace
115
poem written by scops
Beowulf
116
William the Conqueror's census
the Doomsday Book
117
1. where was the Magna Carta signed
2. what did it allow
1. Runnymede Meadow
2. habeas corpus, trial by jury, no taxation without representation
118
where did Christopher Columbus land
San Salvador
119
Martin Luther's most famous hymn
"A Mighty Fortress is our God"
120
Luther's wife
Katharina von Bora
121
Luther encouraged _____ for education
popular education
122
first Protestant university
University of Wittenburg
123
reformer who was centered in Geneva
John Calvin (Calvinists)
